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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of roots in plants?
What is the primary function of roots in plants?
Which structure is the outermost layer of a dicot root?
Which structure is the outermost layer of a dicot root?
What type of roots grow above the ground?
What type of roots grow above the ground?
The process by which plants reproduce using roots is called what?
The process by which plants reproduce using roots is called what?
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What type of cells primarily make up the cortex of a dicot root?
What type of cells primarily make up the cortex of a dicot root?
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Which part of the root forms the innermost layer of the cortex?
Which part of the root forms the innermost layer of the cortex?
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How do roots contribute ecologically to their environment?
How do roots contribute ecologically to their environment?
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What characteristic distinguishes the cortex of monocot roots from that of dicot roots?
What characteristic distinguishes the cortex of monocot roots from that of dicot roots?
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What type of cells make up the pericycle in a dicot root?
What type of cells make up the pericycle in a dicot root?
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In a dicot root, how are the vascular bundles arranged?
In a dicot root, how are the vascular bundles arranged?
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Which of the following is true about the xylem in a dicot root?
Which of the following is true about the xylem in a dicot root?
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What is the primary function of the conjunctive tissue in the vascular bundles of a root?
What is the primary function of the conjunctive tissue in the vascular bundles of a root?
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Which layer is absent in dicot roots but present in monocot roots?
Which layer is absent in dicot roots but present in monocot roots?
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How many bundles of phloem and xylem are present in a typical dicot root?
How many bundles of phloem and xylem are present in a typical dicot root?
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What characterizes the xylem bundles in monocot roots?
What characterizes the xylem bundles in monocot roots?
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What type of hair is found in the epidermis of a dicot root?
What type of hair is found in the epidermis of a dicot root?
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Study Notes
Root Structure - Dicot and Monocot
- Roots are the important underground part of vascular plants, responsible for anchoring, absorbing water and nutrients, and sometimes storing food.
- Some plants have aerial roots, which grow above ground, like banyan trees.
- Roots perform anchoring, absorption, storage, and reproduction.
- Roots have an integral system for these functions.
Primary Structure of Dicot Root
- Epiblema (Epidermis): Outermost layer of densely arranged cells with thin walls. Root hairs protrude from some epidermal cells.
- Cortex: Layer under the epidermis, composed of several layers of thin-walled parenchyma cells. Usually narrower than the monocot cortex.
- Endodermis: Innermost layer of the cortex, barrel-shaped cells with thickened walls forming a Casparian strip.
- Pericycle: Thin-walled layer of cells under the endodermis; involved in lateral root formation.
- Vascular Bundles: Consisting of alternating xylem and phloem with the xylem arranged in a central position (exarch). Monocot roots sometimes have more than six vascular bundles.
- Pith: Central region of the root, usually absent or small in dicot roots.
Primary Structure of Monocot Root
- Epiblema (Epidermis): Outermost layer with densely packed cells, single layer, no cuticle; root hairs may be present.
- Cortex: Broad layer underneath the epidermis; composed of multiple layers of parenchyma cells.
- Endodermis: Innermost layer in the cortex; barrel-shaped cells forming a ring; may have less prominent Casparian strips.
- Pericycle: Layer under the endodermis; single layer of parenchyma cells, crucial for lateral root formation.
- Vascular Bundles: Radial arrangement of xylem and phloem with multiple (usually 8 or more) bundles. The xylem is arranged in a ring (exarch).
- Pith: Well-developed and prominent central region of parenchyma cells.
Salient Features of Dicot and Monocot Roots
- Dicot Roots: Absence of hypodermis; epidermis has unicellular hairs; radial vascular bundles limited in number (typically less than 6); xylem arranged centrally (exarch); pith may be absent or small; presence of cambium enabling secondary growth.
- Monocot Roots: Absence of hypodermis; epidermis has unicellular hairs; radial vascular bundles plentiful (typically 8 or more); xylem in a central ring (exarch) but radiate into a polyarch arrangement; prominent pith; absence of cambium, preventing secondary growth.
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Description
Explore the intricate root structures of dicot and monocot plants in this quiz. Learn about the primary structures of dicot roots, including epiblema, cortex, endodermis, pericycle, and vascular bundles. Test your understanding of their functions and characteristics.
