Romanesque Art Overview and Architecture

Romanesque Art Overview

• Flourished from the 10th to 12th century, marking a significant period in medieval art.

Characteristics of Romanesque Architecture

• Features rounded arches, thick walls, and barrel or groin vaults.
• Incorporates massive piers and columns with a basilica plan.
• Characterized by small, rounded windows and decorative arcading along with towers and ornamental detailing.

Notable Examples of Romanesque Architecture

• Abbey Church of Sainte-Foy, famous for its massive structure and barrel vaulting.
• Pisa Cathedral and the Leaning Tower of Pisa, reflecting the power and wealth of the city.

Abbey Church of Sainte-Foy

• Part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site, highlighting its cultural significance.
• Demonstrates key architectural features such as the basilica plan and prominent tower.

Pisa Cathedral

• Construction began in 1063, directed by architect Buscheto.
• Designed to convey Pisa's status and dedicated to the Virgin Mary.
• Displays the Pisan Romanesque style characterized by the use of marble, rounded arches, and classical elements.

Leaning Tower of Pisa

• Began construction in 1173; intended as a freestanding bell tower (campanile).
• Tilted due to unstable foundations and soft soil; completed in 1372.
• Stands at a height of 56 meters (183 feet).

Romanesque Sculpture

• Features include religious themes, stylized figures, and narrative expression.
• Sculptures often show architectural integration with regions having unique variations.
• Prominent example: The Last Judgment Tympanum at Autun Cathedral, carved by Gislebertus.

Romanesque Painting

• Emphasizes religious themes, stylisation, and bold colors without perspective.
• Characterized by narrative focus and architectural integration with Byzantine influences.
• Notable frescoes in the Church of Saint Clement of Tahull, located in Vall de Boí, Spain, renowned for vivid colors and theological depth.

Key Works

• The Last Judgment Tympanum located in Autun, Burgundy, France.
• The Church of Saint Clement frescoes celebrated for their expressive style and theological significance.