Romanesque Art and Architecture

10 Questions

What was the typical material used for constructing Romanesque buildings?

Brick, limestone, granite, and flint

What was the primary influence on Romanesque art, particularly in painting?

Byzantine art

What is the primary function of a vault in Romanesque architecture?

To cover a space with a ceiling or roof

What is the characteristic shape of arches used in Romanesque architecture?

Semicircular

What is the term used to describe the solid and compact appearance of Romanesque buildings?

Solid and Compact

What is the name of the famous cathedral in France that showcases Romanesque architecture?

Angoulême Cathedral

What was the primary medium used for medieval fresco painting?

Not mentioned in the text

What is the term used to describe the art of Europe from approximately 1000 AD to the rise of the Gothic style?

Romanesque art

What was the significance of Byzantine art in the development of Romanesque art?

It was a major influence, especially in painting

What is the characteristic of Romanesque architecture that was later replaced by the Gothic style?

Not mentioned in the text

Study Notes

Romanesque Architecture

Characterized by monumental forms, especially sculpture and fresco painting
Influenced by Byzantine art, especially in painting
Buildings: churches, castles, and monasteries
Materials: brick, stone, limestone, granite, and flint
Walls: massive thickness, few and small windows and openings
Look: solid and compact

Romanesque Sculpture

Painted in bright colors, most of which have disappeared today
Facades of churches decorated with subjects like Christ in Glory and the Last Judgement
Size and shape adapted to fit into available space
Human figures: unrealistic
Examples: Creation and temptation of Adam and Eve, Modena, Italy (1110 CE), Tympanum of Vézelay Abbey, Burgundy, France (1130 CE)

Romanesque Painting

Most important paintings were inside churches
Human figures: rigid and schematic
Bright colors used
Figures outlined in black, with emphasized eyes and hands
No background landscapes
Three types: mural, panel, and miniature
Techniques: fresco, distemper, wax painting, and fresco al secco

Gothic Painting

Changed from stiff, simple forms to more relaxed and natural ones
Artists mastered perspective and brought more complexity
Practiced in four primary media: frescos, panel paintings, manuscript illumination, and stained glass
Examples: Simone Martini, Fresco (1285-1344 CE), Madonna Enthroned with the Child (1278-80 CE)

Stained Glass

Gothic architecture increased the amount of glass in large buildings
Churches became taller and lighter, with walls thinned and stained glass used to fill larger openings
Stained glass windows are complex mosaics of colored glass and lead, illustrating biblical stories and saints' lives