Roman Empire and Early Christianity

Germanic invasions introduced a foreign, violent character. Superstition replaced the Greco-Roman tradition of learning, and learning declined along with economic activity and populations.

They were converted through monasticism.

Many Christians believed the Second Coming was near; many turned to monasticism to make reparation for sin

<p>Civilized Germanic peoples by teaching them farming, other trades, and spirituality</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He was the last of the Latin Fathers of the Church. He marks the beginning of the Medieval age, illustrating the noblest ideals of Medieval Christianity as well as some of the tensions that developed in the coming age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Franks were the first of the Germanic tribes to convert to Christianity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>St. Patrick</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He was born Patricius, a Roman Briton. As a young man, he was kidnapped by Irish pirates and sold into slavery.After six years, he escaped back to his family and began studies for the priesthood before returning to Ireland, fulfilling God's will to evangelize that land.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>he heard a voice in Ireland call him back</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Much of Greco-Roman tradition, like language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>St. Columba</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He popularized the BC/AD distinction of counting years</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>St. Boniface</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He persevered against overwhelming odds to convert German pagans. He founded monasteries, established the structure of the Church in Germany, and reformed the lands under Frankish rule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They became important centers of learning, preserving culture and perpetuating Catholicism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Eastern and Western Churches competed for conversions. In addition, the Germans were uneasy about them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sts. Cyril and Methodius</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because the Popes refused to recognize the use of Slavonic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An icon, by virtue of what is represented, is an invitation to prayer and not an object to be worshiped</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pope St. Gregory II, Patriarch Germanus of Constantinople, most of the world's bishops, and nearly every monk condemned Leo's edict.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He defended the use of icons by reference to the Incarnation. By taking on human nature and coming into the world, Christ gave implicit permission for the depiction of his human form in art.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This son of Pepin the Short inherited his father's kingdom and unified most of Western Europe under one Christian empire. A devout man, Charlemagne drew from canon law for civic legislation. Moreover, he caused decrees of synods and councils to be lawfully binding, appointed Church officials to civil posts, attempted to reform the clergy, and stayed informed on the state of civil and religious life throughout the empire. He devoutly attended to his prayer and fasting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Charlemagne battled against intellectual collapse in the West through emphasis on the importance of education and artistic excellence in his political vision; every monastery and parish had a school, clergymen were better instructed, and enthusiasm for the Catholic Faith was renewed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Slavs and Magyars - East</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monasteries — particularly in Ireland and England and along the major rivers in Germany and France — were repositories of precious metals and other valuables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regaining control over ecclesiastical appointments would have reduced the chance of political corruption in the episcopacy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Henry IV appointed the Bishop of Milan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was an agreement between the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor. The Church would select her own bishops, but the emperor had a veto in that he could refuse to invest a candidate with the signs of temporal authority. The agreement also condemned simony.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>St. Thomas had to flee England after having refused to carry out the terms of the Constitutions of Clarendon. After Henry II had feigned reconciliation, St. Thomas returned, and Henry had St. Thomas murdered.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They follow the Benedictine Rule with an emphasis on austerities, farming, and strictness in daily life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simplicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This series of eight expansive military expeditions was undertaken by European Christians roughly 1096‑1270 to liberate the Holy Land and defend themselves from Muslim invasion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Europeans controlled Jerusalem 1099‑1291, about two centuries</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Of the thousands who had left France and Germany for the Holy Land, nearly all perished. Those who survived were captured and sold into slavery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Knights Templar protected pilgrims traveling to and from Jerusalem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They were divided by rank: aristocratic soldiers, clergy, and lay brothers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Inquisition was a special ecclesiastical tribunal concerned with finding and prosecuting heresy in the Middle Ages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Franciscans and the Dominicans were in charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers