Roman Britain and Anglo-Saxon History

Caesar invaded Britain in 55 BC and 54 BC, but did not occupy it.

In 43 AD, Claudius invaded Britain with a 40,000 strong army for control over resources.

Built in 122 AD to separate Roman Britain from the tribes in Scotland.

Leader of the Iceni tribe, led a rebellion against Roman occupation after personal losses.

A successful uprising against Rome, notably destroying Camulodunum.

Roman Britain effectively ended in 410 AD due to pressures from invasions elsewhere.

Following the Romans, the Anglo-Saxons (Angles, Saxons, Jutes) invaded Britain.

Sent a letter in 410 AD telling Britons to fend for themselves against invasions.

The British rule over India from 1858 to 1947.

Title given to Queen Victoria as Empress of India in 1877.

A man-made waterway that connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea.

An Indian servant appointed by Queen Victoria who taught her Hindustani.

A conflict from 1853 to 1856 involving the British, French, and Ottoman Empire against Russia.

Henry II's angry words led to the murder of Thomas Becket by knights.

Thomas Becket was made a saint three years after his murder.

Richard I was known for his bravery but was seen as a poor ruler at home.

An idiom denoting a very large amount of money, originating from Richard's captivity.

Richard's brother, nicknamed for losing most of his lands.

A church penalty suspending religious services and sacraments.

John Lackland clashed with the church over appointment of Archbishop of Canterbury.

John imposed heavy taxes to fund wars and recapture lost territories.

Resulted from rejecting the Pope's appointed Archbishop, weakening John's rule.

Richard I raised money for the Third Crusade, even offering London.

First major victory for Robert Bruce against the English.

A series of conflicts between England and France from 1337 to 1453.

The nations or groups involved in a conflict.

England lost territories and faced internal unrest; France developed national identity.

Deadly disease causing high mortality, spread by fleas on rats.

Civil conflict between Yorks and Lancasters over the English throne from 1455 to 1485.

First Tudor king known for diplomacy and establishing peace.

Symbol representing the union of the Lancasters and Yorks.

1534 law declaring Henry VIII as the supreme head of the Church of England.

French heroine who inspired the fight during the 100 Years War.

King of England known for his ruthless rise to power and the disappearance of his nephews.

Yorkist king who won the throne during the Wars of the Roses.

Henry VIII had six wives, influencing politics and religion in England.

Daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon, known as 'Bloody Mary'.

Son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour, his reign was short and impacted by his illness.

Mary was a queen from birth, raised in France, and later became embroiled in political conflict in Scotland.

Mary abdicated the Scottish throne in favor of her son James and left Scotland due to political tension.

After seeking refuge in England, Elizabeth imprisoned Mary for 19 years instead of protecting her.

In 1587, Mary was executed for treason after being implicated in a plot against Elizabeth.

In 1588, Spain attempted to invade England but was defeated by Drake's forces and bad weather.

The first monarch to rule both England and Scotland, he was appointed by Elizabeth as her successor.

A failed assassination attempt on James I led by Robert Catesby and Guy Fawkes on 5 November 1605.

An act that established 5 November as a day of celebration for the foiling of the Gunpowder Plot.

A belief that the king has supreme authority and does not require consent from parliament.

The conflict between supporters of the king (Cavaliers) and parliamentarians, leading to significant political changes.

The belief that a monarch is subject only to God's will and not to the will of the people or any other authority.

A key figure in the Gunpowder Plot, tasked with igniting the explosives.

James I faced opposition due to prejudices against Scotland and its Protestant population.

The increasing importance and assertiveness of parliament during James I’s and Charles I’s reigns.

The two opposing forces in the English Civil War; Cavaliers supported the king, Roundheads supported parliament.

Explorer sent by George III to claim Australia in 1770.

Means 'Unknown Southern Land', referring to Australia.

Used as prisoners in Australia for about 100 years by Britain.

1776 document stating the American colonies' separation from Britain.

Defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805.

Passed in 1801, it created the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

Period where Britain transitioned from agrarian to industrial economy.

Inventor of water-powered spinning machines during the Industrial Revolution.

Engine that harnessed steam to power machinery, trains, and more.

1832 law that expanded voting rights and changed the electoral system.

Monarch who reigned from 1837 to 1901 and symbolized the British Empire.

1851 event showcasing industrial achievements held in The Crystal Palace.

Refers to India as the most valuable part of the British Empire.

1857 uprising against British rule in India; first war for independence.

Prolific engineer known for designing railways and notable structures.