Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the term used to describe the strong ties among group members?
What is the term used to describe the strong ties among group members?
- Peer acceptance
- Maslow's hierarchy
- Group solidarity
- Group cohesion (correct)
Observation as a research method is objective.
Observation as a research method is objective.
False (B)
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, what do we need to feel a sense of acceptance?
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, what do we need to feel a sense of acceptance?
Love and belonging
A researcher conducting an observation may either be a __________ participant or a non-participant observer.
A researcher conducting an observation may either be a __________ participant or a non-participant observer.
Match the following research methods with their characteristics:
Match the following research methods with their characteristics:
Changing stereotypes in a group can cause conflict and group disharmony.
Changing stereotypes in a group can cause conflict and group disharmony.
Why do individuals, particularly children and adolescents, amend their actions and preferences to match the norms of the groups they belong to?
Why do individuals, particularly children and adolescents, amend their actions and preferences to match the norms of the groups they belong to?
What is the term used to describe the process of acknowledging and adapting to differences in values and standards?
What is the term used to describe the process of acknowledging and adapting to differences in values and standards?
In observation as a research method, the observer should be __________ and focus on specific actions.
In observation as a research method, the observer should be __________ and focus on specific actions.
Observations can only be conducted in a natural setting.
Observations can only be conducted in a natural setting.
What is an example of a positive role in a group?
What is an example of a positive role in a group?
When an individual's suggestions are ignored, it will positively impact their wellbeing and self-esteem.
When an individual's suggestions are ignored, it will positively impact their wellbeing and self-esteem.
What is the result of an individual's contributions being accepted by a group?
What is the result of an individual's contributions being accepted by a group?
Individuals with high self-esteem are likely to be more _______________________ and self-assured.
Individuals with high self-esteem are likely to be more _______________________ and self-assured.
Match the following group roles with their characteristics:
Match the following group roles with their characteristics:
What is the result of non-conformity to a group's norms?
What is the result of non-conformity to a group's norms?
A group with established norms and common values is likely to be highly effective and cohesive.
A group with established norms and common values is likely to be highly effective and cohesive.
What is the relationship between self-confidence and self-esteem?
What is the relationship between self-confidence and self-esteem?
Individuals with low self-esteem are likely to be more _______________________ and hesitant.
Individuals with low self-esteem are likely to be more _______________________ and hesitant.
What is a factor that contributes to the roles people adopt within groups?
What is a factor that contributes to the roles people adopt within groups?
What is the primary focus of socioemotional group members?
What is the primary focus of socioemotional group members?
In a well-balanced group, roles are randomly assigned to members.
In a well-balanced group, roles are randomly assigned to members.
What is the main concern of task-oriented group members?
What is the main concern of task-oriented group members?
Group members may take on roles to ensure tasks are achieved, to maintain or build ______, or to influence the group's progress.
Group members may take on roles to ensure tasks are achieved, to maintain or build ______, or to influence the group's progress.
Which of the following is an example of a task-oriented role?
Which of the following is an example of a task-oriented role?
In a group, an individual can only play one role.
In a group, an individual can only play one role.
Match the following group member roles with their descriptions.
Match the following group member roles with their descriptions.
What role do destructive group members play in a group?
What role do destructive group members play in a group?
What is one of the advantages of observation in research?
What is one of the advantages of observation in research?
A sociogram is used to record individual behavior.
A sociogram is used to record individual behavior.
What should observers use to record all sessions?
What should observers use to record all sessions?
Smart phones and tablets are invaluable tools for _______________________ activity.
Smart phones and tablets are invaluable tools for _______________________ activity.
What is a disadvantage of observation?
What is a disadvantage of observation?
Photographic observation can add validity to findings.
Photographic observation can add validity to findings.
Match the following formats with their purpose in presenting research findings:
Match the following formats with their purpose in presenting research findings:
What should notes include when recording observations?
What should notes include when recording observations?
What is a significant factor in shaping the role of an individual within a group?
What is a significant factor in shaping the role of an individual within a group?
A higher level of education always equates to better decision-making.
A higher level of education always equates to better decision-making.
What is an example of previous experience that can shape an individual's role within a group?
What is an example of previous experience that can shape an individual's role within a group?
When an individual identifies with a group, they feel like they are _________ with others.
When an individual identifies with a group, they feel like they are _________ with others.
Match the following factors with their influence on an individual's role within a group:
Match the following factors with their influence on an individual's role within a group:
What is a result of an individual experiencing a sense of belonging within a group?
What is a result of an individual experiencing a sense of belonging within a group?
Cultural awareness programs are not valuable for group members.
Cultural awareness programs are not valuable for group members.
What is an example of an illness that is determined by genetics?
What is an example of an illness that is determined by genetics?
The physical appearance of an individual, such as _________, is passed down from one generation to the next via genes.
The physical appearance of an individual, such as _________, is passed down from one generation to the next via genes.
What is the result of an individual feeling excluded from a group?
What is the result of an individual feeling excluded from a group?
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Study Notes
Roles Individuals Adopt Within Groups
- Group membership offers many advantages, including collective sharing and benefiting from individual strengths and skills.
- Roles within a group can be designated or emerge as needs arise, and individuals may play multiple roles.
- Roles are linked to degrees of status and power within the group.
Types of Roles
- Task-Oriented Roles: ensure tasks are achieved, e.g., expert, brainstormer, judge, chairperson, secretary, implementer, representative, recorder, procedural technician, initiator, information-seeker.
- Socioemotional Roles: maintain/build relationships, e.g., peace-maker, encourager, advocate, mediator, negotiator, tension-reliever, social organiser, harmoniser.
- Destructive Roles: influence the group's progress negatively, e.g., victim, distracter, husher, delayer, interrupter, monopoliser, side-tracker, hair-splitter, browbeater, clown.
Factors that Contribute to the Roles People Adopt
- Personal Factors:
- Self-Esteem: an individual's self-perception, self-value, or self-worth; affects contribution to the group.
- Self-Confidence: closely related to self-esteem; affects ability to take on challenges.
- Education: level of academic education, qualifications, and work history shape an individual's role within a group.
- Previous Experience: life events, past encounters, workplace roles, and interactions shape an individual's behavior and interactions within a group.
- Sense of Belonging: feeling part of a group, identifying with common values and norms, leading to higher levels of personal fulfillment.
- Culture: culturally determined behavior within groups may be misunderstood if not discussed within the group.
Other Factors
- Heredity: physical appearance, intelligence, personal disposition, and genetic factors can influence an individual's development and role within a group.
- Social Factors:
- Relationship with Group Members: strong ties and connection among group members lead to heightened solidarity, trust, and support.
- Attitudes of Group Members: peer acceptance and rejection impact self-esteem and self-confidence.
- Gender Expectations: perceptions of masculinity and femininity shape individual behavior and expectations within a group.
Observation as a Primary Research Method
- Advantages: provides opportunity to view unscheduled events, allows for richly detailed description, provides direct access to social phenomena, and provides a permanent record.
- Disadvantages: bias in recording events, gender may restrict access to information, lack of trust in the observer, time-consuming, and the presence of the observer may influence behavior.
Presenting Research Findings
- Use of a 'field book' to record sessions and photographic observation with supporting comments adds validity to findings.
- Data can be presented in tables, graphs, summary items, flow charts, spreadsheets, sociometric models, and articles.
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