Podcast
Questions and Answers
The hospital pharmacist has less opportunity to interact with the prescriber compared to the community pharmacist.
The hospital pharmacist has less opportunity to interact with the prescriber compared to the community pharmacist.
False
Hospital pharmacists can assess and monitor patterns of drug usage more easily than community pharmacists.
Hospital pharmacists can assess and monitor patterns of drug usage more easily than community pharmacists.
True
Hospital pharmacists do not participate in clinical trials.
Hospital pharmacists do not participate in clinical trials.
False
The hospital pharmacist is primarily responsible for community outpatient services.
The hospital pharmacist is primarily responsible for community outpatient services.
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Hospital pharmacists play a role in policy-making committees related to drug selection.
Hospital pharmacists play a role in policy-making committees related to drug selection.
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The unit dose system is a method used solely by community pharmacists.
The unit dose system is a method used solely by community pharmacists.
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Patients receive counseling from pharmacists only at the time of discharge.
Patients receive counseling from pharmacists only at the time of discharge.
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Hospital pharmacists have access to medical records to monitor patient responses to drugs.
Hospital pharmacists have access to medical records to monitor patient responses to drugs.
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Total Parenteral Nutrition is primarily used for patients who can eat normally.
Total Parenteral Nutrition is primarily used for patients who can eat normally.
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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring requires specialized equipment to determine the levels of drugs in the blood.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring requires specialized equipment to determine the levels of drugs in the blood.
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Extemporaneous manufacturing refers to the preparation of large quantities of drugs in hospitals.
Extemporaneous manufacturing refers to the preparation of large quantities of drugs in hospitals.
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Cmax is the term used to identify the minimum effective concentration of a drug in the bloodstream.
Cmax is the term used to identify the minimum effective concentration of a drug in the bloodstream.
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Clinical pharmacy services primarily focus on conducting medication reviews and identifying drug-related illnesses.
Clinical pharmacy services primarily focus on conducting medication reviews and identifying drug-related illnesses.
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Study Notes
Role of Hospital Pharmacist
- Hospitals, drug dependency treatment facilities, and long-term care facilities can be government- or privately-operated
- Hospital pharmacists have more interactions with prescribers
- Rational prescribing and drug use are promoted
- Greater opportunity to specialize and gain expertise within a hospital setting
- Access to medical records is available allowing for greater insight into patient compliance and response to medication
- Assessment and monitoring of drug usage by hospital pharmacist is easier than for community pharmacists
- Recommendations for changes to drug usage can be made
- Hospital pharmacists serve on policy-making committees and influence the composition of drug formularies
- The work of a hospital pharmacist allows them to better educate other healthcare professionals on rational drug use
- More involved in studies of drugs to evaluate benefits and adverse effects
- Hospital pharmacists can control drug manufacturing and procurement processes to ensure high-quality drug supply and product availability
- Planning and implementation of clinical trials is also managed by hospital pharmacists
Outpatient Services
- The responsibility of supplying the correct drug, dose, and to the appropriate patient
- Providing education and clarification to patients about prescribed medication
- Drug, dose, polypharmacy, and interaction considerations
- Medication substitution
- Patient counseling
Outpatient Services (Continued)
- Communication with patients and other healthcare staff
- Supervision of staff
- SMART (sistem mendispens ubat secara temujanji) dispensing system
- Ubat melalui Pos 1 Malaysia (UMP1Malaysia)
Inpatient Services
- Ward pharmacy/satellite pharmacy
- Discharge counseling (drug information/education at time of discharge)
- Unit dose pharmacy system
- Unit of use pharmacy system
- Monitoring dangerous drug usage
Prescription Information
- Sample prescription forms are included in the presentation, with fields for patient name, date of visit, prescription number, etc.
Manufacturing in Hospitals
- Hospital facilities are not designed for drug manufacturing
- Strict adherence to Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) is of importance
- Contamination control is very important
- Extemporaneous preparations are commonly found in hospital setting
- Limited quantities of drugs may be manufactured
Clinical Pharmacy Services
- Participate in rounds—similar to physicians' rounds, where medications are discussed with the patients and staff of the hospital
- Excellent understanding of disease and medication knowledge
- Confidence and skill to successfully manage medication regimen
- Medication reviews
- Drug-related illnesses are evaluated and managed—such as in ICU, pediatrics, geriatrics, and nephrology
- Supporting various hospital wards
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)
- For patients who cannot eat
- Careful preparation of intravenous mixtures
- Sterile and aseptic technique used
- Food is an ideal medium for microbial growth
- Intravenous substances include fats, amino acids, sugars, electrolytes, and trace elements
- Important to understand the caloric value of foods used in mixtures
- Preparation of TPN mixtures must consider the type of patient condition and specific needs
IV Admixture and Cytotoxic Drug Reconstitution
- Very toxic drugs are used to reconstitute
- Important to protect the personnel preparing the admixture from harmful effects
- The mixture must be meticulously prepared to prevent contamination
- A necessary and very useful procedure for providing proper medication to patients
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM)
- Measurement of drug concentrations in the blood
- Helpful for narrow therapeutic index drugs to minimize adverse effects
- Specialized equipment is required
- Performed by a pharmacy or pathology laboratory department
- Pharmacists analyze TDM data
Blood Concentration
- Blood concentrations demonstrate the Minimum Effective Concentration (MEC)
- Determining Maximum Concentration (Cmax): a measure of the concentration of the drug at its highest point post-administration
- Minimum Concentration (Cmin): the lowest drug concentration in blood after administration
Drug Information Services
- Answering patient questions regarding medications
- Developing reports and drug bulletins
- Preparing the hospital formulary—maintaining and updating the list of medications on hand
Medication Therapy Adherence Clinic (MTAC)
- Services to improve patient medication compliance
- Achieving better clinical outcomes for patients
- Identifying medication-related problems
- Pharmaceutical care concept is used to address patient related issues related to their medication
- Includes services for diabetes, warfarin, and asthma
Hospital Administration
- Budget preparation for medicine costs
- Hospital purchasing and managing inventory of drugs
- Supervision for hospital staff
- Hospital drug and therapeutics committee—responsible for evaluating and recommending drugs
- Addressing complaints from staff, the public, and press outlets
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Description
This quiz explores the vital role of hospital pharmacists in healthcare settings. It covers their interactions with prescribers, involvement in policy-making, and their impact on drug usage and patient education. Understand how their expertise contributes to rational prescribing and medication monitoring.
