Roheisen- und Metallherstellung

Roheisenherstellung

• Roheisen is produced in blast furnaces.
• Raw materials necessary are iron ore, fluxes, and fuel (typically coke).
• Iron ores contain iron oxides (or iron carbonates).
• Fluxes like limestone or dolomite are used to form slag.
• Fuel (coke) provides heat and reduces iron oxides.
• Slag is formed from fluxes and impurities, facilitating iron separation.
• Roheisen is obtained by reducing iron oxides in the blast furnace.

Metallherstellung

• Oxidations- and Reduktionsvorgänge (Oxidation and Reduction Processes): The balance of oxidation and reduction processes are crucial for metal production.

Thermodynamische Begriffe (Thermodynamic Terms)

• Helmholtz free energy (F): F = U - TS
• Gibbs free energy (G): G = U - TS + pV = H - TS, where U is internal energy, T is temperature, S is entropy, p is pressure, and V is volume. H is enthalpy
• Thermodynamical equilibrium: A system reaches equilibrium when its Gibbs free energy is minimal (dG=0). Spontaneous changes occur when dG < 0.

Begriffe (Terms)

• Mass Action Law: mA + nB <=> mABⁿ, where v is reaction rate, k is proportionality constant, and [ ] denotes concentration.
• Stokes Law: v = (2/9) * (ρparticle – ρfluid) * r²/η, where v is the settling velocity of a particle, ρparticle is the particle density, ρfluid is the fluid density, r is the particle radius, and η is dynamic viscosity.
• Sieverts' Law: K= Cₗ/Pₙ₂, relating partial pressure with solubility of a substance.

Verteilungsregel (Distribution Rule)

• LFeO: The distribution coefficient for FeO
• The percentage of FeO in slag (FeO) is related to the percentage of FeO in the melt ([FeO]).
• Various values for LFeO depending on conditions (e.g. L1600C (bazisch), L1600C (oxidierend)

Ellingham Diagram

• A graphical representation of free energy change of oxides as a function of temperature. Important in understanding the thermodynamics of metal production reactions.

Stahl, Stahlguss, Roheisen, und Gusseisen (Steel, Steel Castings, Pig Iron, and Cast Iron)

• Stahl: An iron alloy with less than 2% carbon, and malleable.
• Stahlguss: Cast steel.
• Roheisen: Raw iron, high in carbon content.
• Gusseisen: Cast iron, high in carbon content, and brittle.

Weißes und Graues Roh- bzw. Gusseisen (White and Gray Cast Iron)

• Weißes Roh- bzw. Gusseisen: High carbon content, mainly in the form of Fe₃C (cementite.)
• Graues Roh- bzw. Gusseisen: High carbon content, mostly in the form of graphite.

Produktions Prozess (Production Process)

• Raw materials are mined, processed, and fed into blast furnaces.
• Steel is made from pig iron.
• Crucial to reduce contaminants.
• Various processes (e.g., using LD converters) refine pig iron into steel.
• Continuous casting and rolling are used to produce finished steel products.

Rohstoffe zur Roheisengewinnung (Raw Materials for Pig Iron Production)

• Iron ore types (magnetite, hematite, brown iron ore, and sponge iron ore)
• Fluxes like limestone or dolomite
• Fuel (coke or other fuels)

Rosten (Roasting)

• The process of heating ores in a furnace with air supply to remove unwanted components.

Zuschläge (Additives)

• Additives used to form slag from impurities.
• Slag makes it easier to separate metal from impurities in a process.
• Type of additives depend on composition of iron ore.

Brennstoff und Heißwind (Fuel and Hot Blast)

• Coke is the primary fuel used in blast furnaces.
• Hot blast use preheated air to increase efficiency of furnace's operations.

Materialbilanz des Hochofens (Material Balance of the Blast Furnace)

• Quantitative accounting of the raw materials and products in a blast furnace.

Aufbau des Hochofens (Blast Furnace Structure)

• Diagram of the blast furnace components.

Chemische Vorgänge im Hochofen (Chemical Processes in the Blast Furnace)

• Reactions involving CO, H₂, oxidation and reduction.

Roheisensorte (Pig Iron Types)

• Compositional differences between types of pig iron (e.g., Gießereroheisen, Bessemerroheisen, Thomasroheisen, Martinroheisen, and LD-Roheisen).

Roheisen (Pig Iron)

• Chemical composition (C, Mn, Si, S, P) variations depending on the type of pig iron (for casting and steel production purposes).

(Important Note): This is a broad overview, providing essential details. You may find more specific details within the indicated subsections.

Dieses Quiz behandelt die Verfahren zur Roheisen- und Metallherstellung, einschließlich der erforderlichen Rohstoffe und thermodynamischen Begriffe. Testen Sie Ihr Wissen über Oxidations- und Reduktionsprozesse sowie die Grundlagen der Thermodynamik. Ideal für Studierende der Materialwissenschaften oder Metallurgie.