Rock Formation and Types Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What happens to lava after it erupts from a volcano?

It cools and hardens in order to form igneous rock.

How does rock turn into soil?

It is weathered.

What will happen to the sediments carried by the Mississippi River after a few million years?

The sediments will have been compacted and cemented into sedimentary rocks.

What types of rocks are shown?

Metamorphic rock, sedimentary rock, intrusive igneous rock, and extrusive igneous rock. Signup and view all the answers

How does magma turn into extrusive igneous rock?

Magma cools and hardens on Earth's surface. Signup and view all the answers

Were you correct about how magma turns into extrusive igneous rock?

True Signup and view all the answers

How hot is magma?

Around 1000 degrees Celsius. Signup and view all the answers

What kind of rock is formed when magma cools below the surface?

Intrusive igneous rock. Signup and view all the answers

What forms when rocks break down?

Soil. Signup and view all the answers

In what ways are sediments transported?

Wind carries away the soil; and rain washes soil into rivers. Signup and view all the answers

What kind of rock is formed from sediments?

Sedimentary rock. Signup and view all the answers

What kind of rock is formed?

Metamorphic rock. Signup and view all the answers

What is formed when the rocks melt deep underground?

Magma. Signup and view all the answers

What are the steps in the rock cycle?

Magma, intrusive igneous rock, soil, sediment, sedimentary rock, magma. Signup and view all the answers

List three rock cycles.

Cycle 1: Soil, sediment, sedimentary rock, soil; Cycle 2: Magma, intrusive igneous rock, magma; Cycle 3: Extrusive igneous rock, soil, sediment, sedimentary rock, metamorphic rock, magma, extrusive igneous rock. Signup and view all the answers

List the steps that would cause each transformation: A. Intrusive igneous rock --> sedimentary rock; B. Metamorphic rock --> sediment; C. sediment --> sedimentary rock; D. Sedimentary rock --> sediment.

A: Exposure and weathering, deposition, compaction and cementation; B: Exposure and weathering, erosion and deposition; C: Compaction and cementation; D: Exposure and weathering, deposition. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Rock Formation and Transformation

Lava cools and hardens to form igneous rock after volcanic eruptions.
ROCK WEATHERING processes lead to the creation of soil from rocks.

Sediments and sedimentary rock

Sediments, carried by the Mississippi River, are compacted and cemented over millions of years to form sedimentary rocks.
Transportation of sediments occurs through natural elements; wind carries soil, while rain washes it into rivers.
When sediments lithify, they transform into sedimentary rock.

Types of Rocks

Various rock types include:
- Metamorphic Rock: Formed under heat and pressure from existing rocks.
- Sedimentary Rock: Created from compressed and cemented sediments.
- Intrusive Igneous Rock: Forms when magma cools beneath the Earth's surface.
- Extrusive Igneous Rock: Forms when magma cools on the Earth’s surface.

Magma Characteristics

Magma, found beneath the Earth's crust, has temperatures around 1000 degrees Celsius.
Deep underground melting of rocks results in the creation of magma.

Rock Cycle

The rock cycle involves continuous transformation and includes various processes:
- Transition from magma to intrusive igneous rock.
- Formation of soil from broken-down rocks.
- Sediments eventually lead to sedimentary rocks through compaction and cementation.

Rock Cycles Examples

Three defined rock cycles include:
- Cycle 1: Soil → Sediment → Sedimentary Rock → Soil
- Cycle 2: Magma → Intrusive Igneous Rock → Magma
- Cycle 3: Extrusive Igneous Rock → Soil → Sediment → Sedimentary Rock → Metamorphic Rock → Magma → Extrusive Igneous Rock

Transformations in the Rock Cycle

Key transformations include:
- Intrusive Igneous Rock to Sedimentary Rock: Involves exposure, weathering, deposition, compaction, and cementation.
- Metamorphic Rock to Sediment: Occurs via exposure, weathering, erosion, and deposition.
- Sediment to Sedimentary Rock: Requires compaction and cementation.
- Sedimentary Rock to Sediment: Involves exposure, weathering, and deposition.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the various processes of rock formation, including igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. Understand how lava, sedimentation, and metamorphism contribute to the Earth's geology. This quiz covers essential concepts related to rock types and their transformation.