37 Questions
What was the primary method of assessing offender risk during the first half of the twentieth century?
Professional judgement
Which model emphasizes evidence-based science over professional judgement for assessing offender risk?
Second-generation model
What distinguishes actuarial risk assessment instruments from professional judgement in assessing offender risk?
Reliance on scientific evidence
In what decade did the shift towards evidence-based tools for assessing offender risk begin?
1970s
What is the main focus of actuarial risk assessment instruments?
Individual items that increase the risk of reoffending
Which group primarily made judgements about enhancing security and supervision based on their professional training and experience?
Correctional staff
What was the main focus of the RNR model in relation to offender rehabilitation programs?
Producing reductions in recidivism
Why did the second generation shift towards using evidence-based tools for assessing offender risk?
To reduce personal biases
What is recommended if the offender has limited verbal skills and a concrete thinking style?
Ensure there is more behavioral practice than talking
Why is it important to provide child care for women offenders attending treatment?
To reduce barriers to attending treatment
What should be included along with structured cognitive behavioral treatment for Aboriginal offenders?
Elders and spiritual ceremonies
Which risk factor should be considered during offender assessment?
Responsivity factors
What does the LS/CMI assessment instrument have a separate section on?
Responsivity
What is the main flaw in focusing only on differentiating low risk from high-risk offenders?
It ignores the human capacity for change
What does second-generation risk scales primarily focus on?
Differentiating low risk from high-risk offenders
Why is it considered short-sighted to focus only on differentiating between low risk and high-risk offenders?
It violates the sense of fairness in treatment
What are the possibilities regarding an individual's risk level in third-generation risk assessment instruments?
The risk level increases with new offences.
In third-generation risk assessment, what type of items are included in addition to criminal history and past substance abuse?
Items investigating present employment and family relationships.
What is a significant difference between second and third generation risk assessment instruments?
Third generation instruments incorporate dynamic risk factors.
Why were criminal history items considered important in third-generation risk assessment instruments?
To establish a baseline for assessing risk.
Which statement accurately reflects the development of risk assessment instruments according to the text?
First-generation instruments primarily focused on static factors.
What distinguishes third-generation risk assessment instruments from earlier generations?
An inclusion of dynamic risk factors alongside static factors.
Why is it important for third-generation risk assessments to include items on present employment and family relationships?
To understand an offender's changing situation and support system.
What did third-generation risk assessment instruments aim to address that was lacking in second-generation tools?
The dynamic aspects of an individual's situation.
What is a specific intervention goal for individuals with an antisocial personality pattern?
Teach anger management
Which risk/need factor involves replacing procriminal friends with prosocial friends?
Social supports for crime
What is a common indicator of a lack of involvement in prosocial recreational activities?
Vague feelings of personal distress
Which risk/need factor involves enhancing work/study skills and nurturing interpersonal relationships?
School/work
What is a recommended goal for individuals with poor feelings of self-esteem and self-worth?
Teach prosocial hobbies and sports
Which risk/need factor involves reducing substance abuse and enhancing alternatives to substance use?
Substance abuse
What is a goal for individuals with inappropriate parental monitoring and disciplining?
Teaching parenting skills
What aspect of the theory focuses on deliberate self-regulation and the importance of procriminal attitudes in causing criminal behavior?
Cognitive aspect
Which part of the GPCSL theory underscores learning within social contexts like family, school, and work?
Social learning aspect
What is assessed within social contexts to provide a comprehensive survey of criminogenic needs and strengths?
Automatic rewards and costs
Which term refers to the risk factors linked to criminal behavior, as per the GPCSL perspective?
Central eight factors
Which model is subsumed under the GPCSL perspective, expected to be relevant across a range of offenders?
RNR model
What does the GPCSL perspective aim to direct services towards, based on an assessment of the 'central eight'?
Risk factors linked to criminal behavior
Explore how the Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) model has influenced the development of offender risk assessment instruments and rehabilitation programs. Learn about predicting criminal behavior reliably and reducing recidivism through evidence-based rehabilitative interventions.
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