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Questions and Answers
Quale receptor-coreceptor par es essenzial pro HIV fusion con le cellulas macrophages?
Quale receptor-coreceptor par es essenzial pro HIV fusion con le cellulas macrophages?
Que resulta post le integration del DNA virale in le genoma del host?
Que resulta post le integration del DNA virale in le genoma del host?
Perque HIV non divide post entrar in le T lymphocytes?
Perque HIV non divide post entrar in le T lymphocytes?
Quale es le resultato del processo de infeccione in T lymphocytes?
Quale es le resultato del processo de infeccione in T lymphocytes?
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Que ocurre a HIV post replication in le lymphocytes?
Que ocurre a HIV post replication in le lymphocytes?
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Quale es le funzione de l'enzima reverse transcriptase in le ciclo de HIV?
Quale es le funzione de l'enzima reverse transcriptase in le ciclo de HIV?
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Quale co-receptor HIV es alterate pro bind in T lymphocytes post replication?
Quale co-receptor HIV es alterate pro bind in T lymphocytes post replication?
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Que characterisa le nucleocapsid de HIV post lysis?
Que characterisa le nucleocapsid de HIV post lysis?
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Qual es le serotype del virus dengue que poterea causar inmunitate a un individuo post-infection?
Qual es le serotype del virus dengue que poterea causar inmunitate a un individuo post-infection?
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Quale symptomate non es asociato con le phase febril del dengue?
Quale symptomate non es asociato con le phase febril del dengue?
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Quale es le periodo de incubation del virus dengue post-infection?
Quale es le periodo de incubation del virus dengue post-infection?
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Quale complicazione grave poterea occur durante le phase critica del dengue?
Quale complicazione grave poterea occur durante le phase critica del dengue?
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Quale es un indicativo de thrombocytopenia durante le phase critica?
Quale es un indicativo de thrombocytopenia durante le phase critica?
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Quo es le consequence de bassa permeabilitate vascular durante le phase de recuperation?
Quo es le consequence de bassa permeabilitate vascular durante le phase de recuperation?
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Qual es un signal de grave complication durante le dengue?
Qual es un signal de grave complication durante le dengue?
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Quale es le consequentia de un infection dengue anterior in relation al immunitate?
Quale es le consequentia de un infection dengue anterior in relation al immunitate?
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Qual es le resultato principal del virus de influenza in relation a le celsulas del hoste?
Qual es le resultato principal del virus de influenza in relation a le celsulas del hoste?
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Qual familia viral es associate con microcephalia quando transmissite verticalmente?
Qual familia viral es associate con microcephalia quando transmissite verticalmente?
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Qual es le natura del materiel genetic del virus HIV?
Qual es le natura del materiel genetic del virus HIV?
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Que tipo de cellule le HIV infecta predominante durante le replication?
Que tipo de cellule le HIV infecta predominante durante le replication?
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Qual mecanismo non es implicate in le pathogenesis del virus de rabies?
Qual mecanismo non es implicate in le pathogenesis del virus de rabies?
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Qual caracteristica es typic pro le virus de influenza?
Qual caracteristica es typic pro le virus de influenza?
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Le que cosa es un aspecte immunologic del Zika?
Le que cosa es un aspecte immunologic del Zika?
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Quale proposito ha le proteinas spike del virus HIV?
Quale proposito ha le proteinas spike del virus HIV?
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Study Notes
RNA Viruses Overview
- RNA viruses use RNA as their genetic material, differing from DNA viruses.
- They are classified into different families based on their structure, genome characteristics, and replication strategies (different types of RNA and their genomes).
- Many RNA viruses are enveloped, meaning they have a lipid membrane surrounding their nucleocapsid.
- Some common families include Picornaviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Flaviviridae, Retroviridae, and Orthomyxoviridae.
Arboviruses and Rodent-Borne Viruses
- Arboviruses and rodent-borne viruses are often transmitted by arthropods (insects) and rodents.
- Some specific examples and the vectors that transmit them, including mosquitoes, ticks, and sandflies, are presented in the text.
- Different families like Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Filoviridae, Flaviviridae, Reoviridae, and Togaviridae, are included as examples of viral classifications important for understanding patterns of transmission and diseases.
- Important diseases associated with these families and vectors discussed include various encephalitis types, hemorrhagic fevers, and other illnesses.
- Dengue fever, Japanese B encephalitis, Zika virus, and other examples of diseases caused by these families of viruses are discussed.
Dengue Virus
- Dengue viruses are transmitted by the Aedes mosquito.
- Four serotypes of dengue virus exist (DENV 1–4).
- Infection with one serotype generally does not provide lifetime immunity to the others.
- Secondary infection may lead to life-threatening complications (Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever)
- Symptoms, such as fever, headache, muscle, and joint pain, and rash are listed in the document
- Diagnosis involves laboratory tests like NS1, IgM and IgG levels, PCR and other tests
- Prevention includes mosquito control measures, vector control
- Vaccine (Dengvaxia) is mentioned as a treatment but only for people who have had prior dengue exposure.
- Risk of severe disease exists if a person gets Dengvaxia without prior dengue infection
Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV)
- Transmitted by mosquitoes (genus Culex),
- Often affecting children, causes severe neurological complications (encephalitis).
- Prevention includes mosquito control and vaccination in high-risk areas
- Symptoms, such as high fever, headache, neck stiffness, nausea/vomiting, disorientation are presented.
- Diagnosis includes serum/CSF ELISA, MRI
- Prevention includes reducing mosquito habitats and vaccination.
Zika Virus
- Transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, (same as Dengue).
- Associated with severe birth defects (like microcephaly) in infants.
- Symptoms, such as fever, rash, and joint pain.
- Diagnosis and prevention are mentioned.
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
- Retrovirus
- Transmitted through bodily fluids—most effectively through sexual contact and shared needles.
- It attacks the immune system leading to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome).
- The genome is an (+) strand RNA, but the genetic material is replicated as a DNA strand
- It has an enveloped structure.
- Target cells include macrophages and T-helper lymphocytes.
- Diagnosis is through tests like ELISA and Western Blot
- Treatments can include antiretroviral therapies.
Influenza Virus
- Characterized by antigenic drift (minor changes in viral proteins) and antigenic shift (major changes in viral proteins.)
- Causes annual outbreaks of seasonal influenza.
- Classification involves RNA segments.
- Subtypes (A, B, C).
- Prevention involves vaccination.
Rabies Virus
- Transmitted through the bite of an infected animal (e.g., dogs, bats)
- Attacks the central nervous system (CNS).
- Severe disease leading to death if not treated.
- Symptoms involve a progressive neurological syndrome.
- Treatment is most effective if administered quickly after exposure and may involve vaccination series.
- Symptoms, such as aggressive behavior, seizures, and paralysis.
- Diagnosis methods include finding Negri bodies in brain tissue.
Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, etc.)
- A class of enveloped RNA viruses that cause respiratory illness.
- Spike protein (S) protein interacts with host ACE2 receptors.
- Transmission via respiratory droplets and fomites.
- Infections can exhibit various severity levels- from mild to severe.
- Treatments include various therapeutic approaches depending on the severity of symptoms.
Other RNA Viruses
- Other RNA viruses (from the text) are also grouped by family and genus.
- Symptoms and the methods of transmission vary for each type of RNA virus.
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Description
Questo quiz explora le caratteristiche dei virus a RNA, inclusi quelli trasmessi da arthropodi e roditori. Verranno analizzate le diverse famiglie di virus e i loro meccanismi di trasmissione. Comprendere questi concetti è fondamentale per l'epidemiologia e il controllo delle malattie virali.
