RNA Synthesis and Evolution

Protobionts are capable of directing the synthesis of new copies of themselves.

RNA synthesis is the first stage of chemical evolution.

Natural selection operated on the different RNAs during the protobiont synthesis stage.

Prokaryotic cells evolved from the diversity of protobionts.

Proteins can serve as templates for synthesis because of specific base pairings between complementary nucleotides.

Melvin Calvin introduced the term 'biological evolution' in the context of chemical evolution.

The 'Calvin cycle' explains the process of chemical evolution on the primitive Earth.

Chemical evolution gave rise to the first forms of eukaryotic life.

The building block molecules formed during chemical evolution included amino acids, fatty acids, and nucleobases.

The Big Bang theory proposes that the building block molecules were formed on Earth through endogenous synthesis.

The evolution of photosynthesis utilized H2O to convert CO2 to organic molecules.

ATP is a by-product of oxidative metabolism.

The development of oxidative metabolism occurred before photosynthesis.

Glycolysis is a semi-conservative metabolic energy pathway that uses ATP.

The release of O2 as a by-product of photosynthesis led to the development of glycolysis.

Plant cells are more diverse than animal cells.

Ground tissue, dermal tissue, and vascular tissue are the three main tissue systems found in animal cells.

Epithelial tissue forms sheets that cover the surface of and line internal organs in plants.

Nervous tissue is composed of nerve cells and are highly specialized for signal transmission throughout the body in plants.

Xylem and phloem are responsible for the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in plants.

Parenchyma cells are a type of dermal tissue found in plants.

Collenchyma and sclerenchyma are two types of xylem cells found in plants.

Blood is a type of tissue found in plants that functions in oxygen transport, immunity, and inflammatory reactions.

Muscle tissue provides structure and elasticity to the body in plants.

The human body is composed of fewer than 100 different kinds of cells.