BIOCHEM

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Which level of structural organization is composed of the amino acid residues linked through peptide bonds?

Tertiary Structure

Quaternary Structure

Primary Structure (correct)

Secondary Structure

What test uses to detect the presence of amines, with a positive result indicating the presence of purple or yellow color?

Xanthoproteic Test

Cole Test

Biuret Test

Ninhydrin Test (correct)

What results in the misfolding of the normal prion protein found abundantly in the brain, causing diseases like Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease?

Covalent bonding

Prions (correct)

Denaturation

Oligomers

Which enzyme catalyzes REDOX reactions and is also called dehydrogenases or reductases?

Oxidoreductase Signup and view all the answers

In DNA nomenclature, which type of enzyme catalyzes reactions involving the transfer of different groups from the substrate to another?

Transferases Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimal pH for Pepsin, an enzyme involved in protein digestion?

2 Signup and view all the answers

Which type of amino acid contains a sulfur atom in its side chain?

Cysteine Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter and is antagonized by strychnine?

Glycine Signup and view all the answers

Which group of amino acids is classified as having non-polar R-groups?

Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid has an imino acid structure?

Proline Signup and view all the answers

What is the main constituent of proteins?

Amino acids Signup and view all the answers

How many commonly occurring amino acids are there that are constituents of proteins according to the passage?

20 Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme binds to the enzymes or enzyme substrate complex, leaving the active center free and may induce conformational changes that hinders the formation of enzyme substrate complex?

Noncompetitive inhibitor Signup and view all the answers

Which type of termination involves specific sequences called termination sites forming a hairpin loop structure that allows the RNA Polymerase to detach from the DNA template strand?

Intrinsic (Rho independent Transcription Termination) Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of mRNA by about 4 more units before the sigma subunit dissociates and binds to another RNA Polymerase?

RNA Polymerase holoenzyme Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is inhibited by Amanitin, a toxin from the mushroom Amanita phalloides?

RNA Polymerase I Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular structure of isozymes, which are enzymes that may differ in amino acid sequences and physical properties but catalyze the same reaction?

Small, basic proteins rich in Arginine and Lysine Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic cloverleaf structure present in which type of RNA?

tRNA Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for transcribing single-stranded RNA into double-stranded DNA?

Reverse transcriptase Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of rifampin in bacterial transcription?

Inhibits RNA polymerase elongation Signup and view all the answers

Which molecules serve as precursors for reverse transcription?

Ribonucleoside Triphosphate (ATP, UTP, GTP, CTP) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of actinomycin D in RNA transcription?

Binds to DNA and inhibits elongation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the genetic code?

Universal and non-degenerate Signup and view all the answers

What type of mutations occur when the number of bases added or deleted is not a multiple of 3?

Frameshift mutations Signup and view all the answers

What color change would indicate the presence of pentoses when using concentration HCl and orcinol + ferric chloride?

Bluish to green Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of using 6M HCl and resorcinol to differentiate between aldoses and ketoses?

Ketoses = Cherry red, Aldoses = bluish-green to peach Signup and view all the answers

What serves as the primary energy currency in the body?

ATP Signup and view all the answers

What process involves the breakdown of glucose to two molecules of pyruvate?

Glycolysis Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is highly regulated and associated with the irreversible step in glycolysis (Step 3)?

Fructose-1,6-biphosphatase Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the synthesis of glycogen and is stimulated by insulin?

Glycogenesis Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme catalyzes the formation of UDP-glucose from glucose-6-phosphate in glycogen metabolism?

Phosphoglucomutase Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of glucagon on glycogen metabolism?

Promotes breakdown of glycogen Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme deficiency leads to the accumulation of glycogen in the liver and can cause hypoglycemia and hepatomegaly?

Glycogen synthase Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of NADPH produced in the pentose phosphate pathway?

Nucleotide biosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is the final product of the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway?

Ribulose-5-phosphate (R5P) Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of acetyl CoA to two molecules of CO2 in the citric acid cycle?

Citrate synthase Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of complex IV in the electron transport chain (ETC)?

Reduction of cytochrome c Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of oxidative phosphorylation in cellular metabolism?

Direct synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi Signup and view all the answers

What is the key regulatory factor that determines whether glycolysis or the pentose phosphate pathway will be dominant under high demand for ribose-5-phosphate?

NADPH/NADP+ ratio Signup and view all the answers