Protein Synthesis

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the correct order of macromolecule synthesis in neurons?

  • Protein ›- DNA ›- RNA
  • RNA ›- DNA ›- Protein
  • Protein ›- RNA ›- DNA
  • DNA ›- RNA ›- Protein (correct)

What is the function of genes in neurons?

  • To carry instructions for making lipids and carbohydrates
  • To carry instructions for cell division
  • To carry instructions for making specific RNAs and proteins (correct)
  • To carry instructions for making only proteins

Where are genes located in neurons?

  • In the cytoplasm
  • In the mitochondria
  • In the endoplasmic reticulum
  • In the nucleus (correct)

What is the function of transcription in neurons?

<p>To synthesize RNA from DNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three RNA processing steps in neurons?

<p>Capping, splicing, and polyadenylation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do mature messenger RNAs (mRNAs) go after being processed in neurons?

<p>To the cytoplasm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ribosomes in neurons?

<p>To synthesize proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are proteins that function in the cytoplasm and nucleus synthesized?

<p>On free ribosomes in the cytoplasm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are secreted proteins and transmembrane proteins synthesized?

<p>On ribosomes associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when proteins are translocated across the ER membrane as they are translated?

<p>Transcytosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the step called when secreted proteins are released into the extracellular space?

<p>Exocytosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when cells retrieve fluid and proteins from the extracellular space or transmembrane proteins from the cell's plasma membrane?

<p>Endocytosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the membrane-enclosed organelles that carry newly ingested materials and newly internalized transmembrane proteins called?

<p>Early endosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the organelles that contain enzymes for protein degradation called?

<p>Lysosomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when a protein is first targeted to the plasma membrane of one compartment, then endocytosed and trafficked to the final destination?

<p>Transcytosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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