36 Questions
What is the primary function of the initiator in the core promoter?
To locate the nucleotide where transcription begins
What is the main difference between the promoter proximal and distal elements?
Their location in the genome
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the core promoter?
Presence of enhancer elements
What is the primary function of the BRE element?
To recognize the TFIIB factor
Which of the following is a characteristic of promoter distal elements?
They act as enhancers or silencers at a distance
What is the difference between archaeal and eukaryotic promoters compared to bacterial promoters?
They are more similar in sequence and function
What is the factor that recognizes promoters in bacteria?
σ factor
What is the function of the TBP in transcription?
To bind to the TATA box
What is the percentage of promoters with a canonical TATA box?
20%
What is the function of histones in eukaryotes?
To compact DNA
What is the purpose of the Inr sequence?
To signal the start of transcription
What is the difference between the TSS and the Inr?
The TSS is the site of transcription initiation, while the Inr is the sequence that surrounds it
What is the purpose of the DPE element?
To position RNA Pol II correctly
What is the characteristic of TATA-less promoters?
They require TAFs for recognition
What is the similarity between the transcription systems of archaea and eukaryotes?
They are more similar than bacteria
What is the purpose of the TFIIB protein?
To bind to the BRE sequence
What percentage of sequences are TATA-like?
80%
What is the main difference between TATA and TATA-like sequences?
Their deformability
What is the characteristic of Sharp-Promoters (SP)?
They have fixed transcription start sites
What is the function of TAFs in promoters?
To help TBP recognize promoters
What is the characteristic of Broad-Promoters?
They have variable transcription start sites
What is the role of TBP in transcription?
To recognize TATA sequences
What is the difference between SP and BP?
SP has fixed TSS, BP has variable TSS
What is the function of the initiator (Inr) element?
To initiate transcription
What is the characteristic of promoters without TATA sequences?
They have variable transcription start sites
What is the function of the downstream core promoter element (DPE)?
To initiate transcription
What is the primary function of the TATA box in eukaryotic gene expression?
To activate transcription initiation
What is the main difference between a proximal promoter and a distal promoter?
Proximal promoters bind general transcription factors, while distal promoters bind specific transcription factors
What is the effect of deleting the TATA box on gene expression?
It decreases gene expression
What is the function of enhancers in gene regulation?
To increase transcription initiation
What is the characteristic of superenhancers?
They have a high affinity for transcription factors
What is the effect of deleting an enhancer on gene expression?
It decreases gene expression
What is the function of silencers in gene regulation?
To inhibit transcription initiation
What is the characteristic of promoters with respect to their distance from the gene?
They can be either upstream or downstream of the gene
What is the effect of deleting a silencer on gene expression?
It increases gene expression
What is the function of the BRE (TFIIB Recognition Element) in gene regulation?
To bind general transcription factors
Learn about the structure and function of RNA Polymerase II promoters, including core promoters, proximal elements, and distal elements. Understand the key features of these promoters and their role in gene transcription.
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