Questions and Answers
Which type of statistics should strictly be used on interval and/or ratio data?
Inferential statistics
What is the key difference between interval and ratio data?
Ratio data has a true zero point, while interval data does not.
What is the purpose of normalizing data in statistical analysis?
To compare or combine data from different scales of measurement
What should be the attributes of all measures in surveys using closed questions?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main advantage of using multiple measures of the same variable?
Signup and view all the answers
In what type of scale is the Likert scale categorized?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main challenge with RNAi?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the length of small strands of RNA molecules involved in RNAi?
Signup and view all the answers
Who won the 2006 Nobel Prize for their pioneering research into RNAi?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the potential application of RNAi in medical treatments?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of RNAi in addressing previously untreatable illnesses?
Signup and view all the answers
Who has put resources behind RNAi, heading a brain research institute and forming a company to develop the technique?
Signup and view all the answers
What did the Nobel Assembly state about the current use of RNAi?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the initial focus of the research on RNAi?
Signup and view all the answers
What led to the understanding of RNAi's potential medical applications?
Signup and view all the answers
What contradicted established biological principles and opened up new possibilities in medical science?
Signup and view all the answers
What did David Baulcombe's research on viral resistance in plants contribute to?
Signup and view all the answers
What did the test tube experiments demonstrate about RNAi's medical potential?
Signup and view all the answers
What did Andrew Fire and Craig Mello win the 2006 Nobel Prize in medicine for?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the options for dealing with missing data?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main difference between basic and applied research?
Signup and view all the answers
What did Andrew Fire's research on gene 'silencing' in nematode worms reveal?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of basic research?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the outcome of the case study involving a plant scientist's research on petunia flowers?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the two research purposes mentioned in the text?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the options for dealing with missing data?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the two main purposes of research mentioned in the text?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes basic research from applied research?
Signup and view all the answers
What did the case study involving a plant scientist's research on petunia flowers lead to?
Signup and view all the answers
What was discovered through unexpected outcomes in research on nematode worms?
Signup and view all the answers
What did Andrew Fire's research on gene 'silencing' in nematode worms reveal?
Signup and view all the answers
What did Andrew Fire and Craig Mello discover in 1998?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the result of David Baulcombe's research on viral resistance in plants?
Signup and view all the answers
What did scientists find small stretches of double-stranded RNA interfering with, leading to a realization about tailored targeting of specific genes?
Signup and view all the answers
What was recognized about RNAi's medical potential?
Signup and view all the answers
What did the test tube experiment with human cells and RNAi prompt research into?
Signup and view all the answers
What did Andrew Fire and Craig Mello win the 2006 Nobel Prize in medicine for?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
How a Petunia Experiment Led to Breakthrough in Cancer and AIDS Treatment
- In 1998, Andrew Fire and Craig Mello discovered RNA interference (RNAi), a process where double-stranded RNA can silence genes, contradicting the established "central dogma" of biology.
- David Baulcombe's research on viral resistance in plants led to the understanding that foreign RNA mimicked viruses, contributing to the fundamental understanding of RNAi.
- Scientists found small stretches of double-stranded RNA interfering with gene action in fruit flies and plants, leading to the realization that short, double-stranded RNAs could be tailored to target specific genes.
- RNAi's medical potential for turning off cancer-related genes, preventing virus infections, and treating tissue rejection and liver disease was recognized.
- In the test tube, scientists made human cells resistant to the polio virus and HIV using RNAi, prompting research into introducing short RNA strands directly into cells for medical use.
- Andrew Fire and Craig Mello won the 2006 Nobel Prize in medicine for their RNAi research, which was initially conducted on nematode worms and later found to occur in human cells.
- RNAi is being widely used in basic science to study gene function and holds promise for novel therapies in the future, according to the Nobel Assembly.
- The discovery of RNAi contradicted established biological principles and opened up new possibilities in medical science.
- The research on RNAi was initially focused on nematode worms and later expanded to human cells, demonstrating its potential for clinical treatments.
- RNAi has the potential to be a groundbreaking development in medical science and has already shown promise in basic science research.
- The discovery of RNAi led to the development of a process where double-stranded RNA can silence genes, contradicting established biological principles.
- RNAi has the potential to be a groundbreaking development in medical science, with applications ranging from heart disease to cancer treatment.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
