2M03 Chapter 11 -3
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Questions and Answers

Which enzyme cleaves dsRNA into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs)?

  • Dicer (correct)
  • Ligase
  • Primase
  • Helicase

    • What is the complex that binds siRNA to a target RNA in the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC)?

  • Ago2 (correct)
  • Drosha
  • RISC
  • Dicer

    • What are some of the obstacles in using RNAi to combat diseases?

  • Complications in delivering genes for siRNAs (correct)
  • Rapid mutation of viral genes
  • Ineffectiveness of some siRNAs against viral diseases
  • All of the above

    • Which type of nucleotides specify nonoverlapping triplets for amino acids?

    <p>Pyrimidine nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the property of the genetic code where some amino acids are specified by more than one codon?

    <p>$5'$ end redundancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What broader phenomenon does RNAi belong to, where small RNAs inhibit gene expression?

    <p>$\pi$-mediated interference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the small RNAs that inhibit gene expression by directing the RISC to a target RNA?

    <p>siRNAs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of RISC binds to siRNA and guides it to target RNA?

    <p>Ago2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which form is information stored in a gene's genetic code?

    <p>Quaternary code</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme cleaves precursor miRNAs into mature miRNAs?

    <p>Dicer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of genes mutate rapidly, posing challenges for siRNA-based treatment against diseases?

    <p>Viral genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which small RNAs inhibit gene expression?

    <p>RNA interference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the wobble hypothesis?

    <p>It suggests that a tRNA can recognize codons with variable third bases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in bacterial translation initiation?

    <p>It guides the small ribosomal subunit to the correct initiation codon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the elongation cycle in translation?

    <p>Successive amino acids are added to the growing polypeptide chain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of release factors in translation termination?

    <p>They recognize stop codons and promote the release of the polypeptide from the ribosome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is polyribosomes' impact on protein synthesis?

    <p>They increase the rate of protein synthesis by allowing simultaneous translation on a single mRNA molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about nonsense-mediated decay (NMD)?

    <p>It destroys mRNA molecules containing premature stop codons to prevent nonfunctional proteins from being produced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is attached to the 3' end of tRNA?

    <p>Amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which small RNAs inhibit gene expression?

    <p>Post-transcriptional gene silencing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of release factors in translation termination?

    <p>Recognizing stop codons and promoting polypeptide release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of genes mutate rapidly, posing challenges for siRNA-based treatment against diseases?

    <p>Viral genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the elongation cycle in translation?

    <p>Formation of peptide bonds between amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is attached to the 3' end of tRNA?

    <p>$3'$ amino acid acceptor stem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme cleaves precursor miRNAs into mature miRNAs?

    <p>Dicer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the obstacles in using RNAi to combat diseases?

    <p>Inefficient delivery of siRNAs to target cells and tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about nonsense-mediated decay (NMD)?

    <p>It degrades mRNAs with premature stop codons before translation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is polyribosomes' impact on protein synthesis?

    <p>They allow simultaneous translation of multiple mRNAs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of RISC binds to siRNA and guides it to target RNA?

    <p>Argonaute protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in bacterial translation initiation?

    <p>Site for ribosome binding and initiation of translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in bacterial translation initiation?

    <p>It guides the small ribosomal subunit to the correct initiation codon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What broader phenomenon does RNAi belong to, where small RNAs inhibit gene expression?

    <p>Post-transcriptional gene silencing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about nonsense-mediated decay (NMD)?

    <p>It protects cells from nonfunctional proteins by destroying mRNA with premature stop codons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the elongation cycle in translation?

    <p>The charged amino acid in the P site is added to the growing polypeptide chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is attached to the 3' end of tRNA?

    <p>$Amino acid$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of nucleotides specify nonoverlapping triplets for amino acids?

    <p>Codons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the obstacles in using RNAi to combat diseases?

    <p>Off-target effects and immune responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme cleaves precursor miRNAs into mature miRNAs?

    <p>Dicer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the wobble hypothesis?

    <p>It suggests that a tRNA can recognize codons with variable third bases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which small RNAs inhibit gene expression?

    <p>RNA interference (RNAi)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme cleaves dsRNA into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs)?

    <p>Dicer</p> Signup and view all the answers

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