2M03 Chapter 11 -3
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Questions and Answers

Which enzyme cleaves dsRNA into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs)?

  • Dicer (correct)
  • Ligase
  • Primase
  • Helicase

What is the complex that binds siRNA to a target RNA in the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC)?

  • Ago2 (correct)
  • Drosha
  • RISC
  • Dicer

What are some of the obstacles in using RNAi to combat diseases?

  • Complications in delivering genes for siRNAs (correct)
  • Rapid mutation of viral genes
  • Ineffectiveness of some siRNAs against viral diseases
  • All of the above

Which type of nucleotides specify nonoverlapping triplets for amino acids?

<p>Pyrimidine nucleotides (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the property of the genetic code where some amino acids are specified by more than one codon?

<p>$5'$ end redundancy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What broader phenomenon does RNAi belong to, where small RNAs inhibit gene expression?

<p>$\pi$-mediated interference (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the small RNAs that inhibit gene expression by directing the RISC to a target RNA?

<p>siRNAs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of RISC binds to siRNA and guides it to target RNA?

<p>Ago2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which form is information stored in a gene's genetic code?

<p>Quaternary code (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme cleaves precursor miRNAs into mature miRNAs?

<p>Dicer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of genes mutate rapidly, posing challenges for siRNA-based treatment against diseases?

<p>Viral genes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which small RNAs inhibit gene expression?

<p>RNA interference (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the wobble hypothesis?

<p>It suggests that a tRNA can recognize codons with variable third bases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in bacterial translation initiation?

<p>It guides the small ribosomal subunit to the correct initiation codon. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the elongation cycle in translation?

<p>Successive amino acids are added to the growing polypeptide chain. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of release factors in translation termination?

<p>They recognize stop codons and promote the release of the polypeptide from the ribosome. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is polyribosomes' impact on protein synthesis?

<p>They increase the rate of protein synthesis by allowing simultaneous translation on a single mRNA molecule. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about nonsense-mediated decay (NMD)?

<p>It destroys mRNA molecules containing premature stop codons to prevent nonfunctional proteins from being produced. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is attached to the 3' end of tRNA?

<p>Amino acid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which small RNAs inhibit gene expression?

<p>Post-transcriptional gene silencing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of release factors in translation termination?

<p>Recognizing stop codons and promoting polypeptide release (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of genes mutate rapidly, posing challenges for siRNA-based treatment against diseases?

<p>Viral genes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the elongation cycle in translation?

<p>Formation of peptide bonds between amino acids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is attached to the 3' end of tRNA?

<p>$3'$ amino acid acceptor stem (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme cleaves precursor miRNAs into mature miRNAs?

<p>Dicer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the obstacles in using RNAi to combat diseases?

<p>Inefficient delivery of siRNAs to target cells and tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about nonsense-mediated decay (NMD)?

<p>It degrades mRNAs with premature stop codons before translation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is polyribosomes' impact on protein synthesis?

<p>They allow simultaneous translation of multiple mRNAs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of RISC binds to siRNA and guides it to target RNA?

<p>Argonaute protein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in bacterial translation initiation?

<p>Site for ribosome binding and initiation of translation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in bacterial translation initiation?

<p>It guides the small ribosomal subunit to the correct initiation codon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What broader phenomenon does RNAi belong to, where small RNAs inhibit gene expression?

<p>Post-transcriptional gene silencing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about nonsense-mediated decay (NMD)?

<p>It protects cells from nonfunctional proteins by destroying mRNA with premature stop codons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the elongation cycle in translation?

<p>The charged amino acid in the P site is added to the growing polypeptide chain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is attached to the 3' end of tRNA?

<p>$Amino acid$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of nucleotides specify nonoverlapping triplets for amino acids?

<p>Codons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the obstacles in using RNAi to combat diseases?

<p>Off-target effects and immune responses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme cleaves precursor miRNAs into mature miRNAs?

<p>Dicer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the wobble hypothesis?

<p>It suggests that a tRNA can recognize codons with variable third bases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which small RNAs inhibit gene expression?

<p>RNA interference (RNAi) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme cleaves dsRNA into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs)?

<p>Dicer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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