Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following processes describes the making of mRNA?
Which of the following processes describes the making of mRNA?
- Replication
- Mutation
- Transcription (correct)
- Translation
Uracil is found in DNA.
Uracil is found in DNA.
False (B)
What is the primary function of RNA in cells?
What is the primary function of RNA in cells?
To carry the code for making proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
A change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene is referred to as a __________.
A change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene is referred to as a __________.
Match the types of mutations with their descriptions:
Match the types of mutations with their descriptions:
Which of the following is NOT a type of mutation?
Which of the following is NOT a type of mutation?
What is the main difference between DNA and RNA?
What is the main difference between DNA and RNA?
Transcription is the process of making a protein from RNA.
Transcription is the process of making a protein from RNA.
What can cause mutations in DNA?
What can cause mutations in DNA?
During __________, proteins are synthesized from messenger RNA.
During __________, proteins are synthesized from messenger RNA.
Match each type of mutation with its description:
Match each type of mutation with its description:
Which sugar is found in RNA?
Which sugar is found in RNA?
Which of the following statements accurately describes RNA?
Which of the following statements accurately describes RNA?
Translation refers to the process of making mRNA from RNA.
Translation refers to the process of making mRNA from RNA.
What type of sugar is found in RNA?
What type of sugar is found in RNA?
Mutations can be caused by exposure to __________, ultraviolet lights, or some kinds of chemicals.
Mutations can be caused by exposure to __________, ultraviolet lights, or some kinds of chemicals.
Match the types of RNA with their functions:
Match the types of RNA with their functions:
Which mutation involves the replacement of one nitrogen base with another?
Which mutation involves the replacement of one nitrogen base with another?
What is the function of RNA in the cell?
What is the function of RNA in the cell?
Deletion is a type of mutation where nitrogen bases are added to the DNA sequence.
Deletion is a type of mutation where nitrogen bases are added to the DNA sequence.
What are the three types of mutations?
What are the three types of mutations?
RNA is made up of ___ strands.
RNA is made up of ___ strands.
Match the following components with their characteristics:
Match the following components with their characteristics:
Which factor is NOT known to cause mutations in DNA?
Which factor is NOT known to cause mutations in DNA?
Which of the following is a type of RNA?
Which of the following is a type of RNA?
Uracil is a nitrogen base found in DNA.
Uracil is a nitrogen base found in DNA.
During __________, mRNA is produced.
During __________, mRNA is produced.
Which of the following correctly characterizes RNA?
Which of the following correctly characterizes RNA?
Translation is the process of making proteins from messenger RNA.
Translation is the process of making proteins from messenger RNA.
What is the process of copying the genetic information from DNA to RNA called?
What is the process of copying the genetic information from DNA to RNA called?
A mutation where one or more nitrogen bases are left out of the DNA sequence is called __________.
A mutation where one or more nitrogen bases are left out of the DNA sequence is called __________.
Which of the following statements is true about RNA?
Which of the following statements is true about RNA?
Flashcards
RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)
RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)
A type of nucleic acid responsible for carrying genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm where proteins are made.
Transcription
Transcription
The process of copying genetic information from DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA).
Translation
Translation
The process of using mRNA as a template to build a protein.
Mutations
Mutations
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Insertion Mutation
Insertion Mutation
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Deletion Mutation
Deletion Mutation
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RNA
RNA
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Substitution Mutation
Substitution Mutation
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Study Notes
RNA and DNA
- Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) is a type of nucleic acid that carries genetic code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis.
- Transcription is the process of creating messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template.
- Translation is the process of creating a protein from mRNA.
- Mutations are changes to the nucleotide sequence of a gene.
- Proteins are produced using RNA.
- RNA, similar to DNA, is made of nucleotides. However, RNA is single-stranded, while DNA is double-stranded. RNA uses uracil (U) in place of thymine (T) as a nitrogenous base.
- The first step in protein synthesis is creating messenger RNA (mRNA) from a template of DNA.
- Three types of RNA include:
- Messenger RNA (mRNA) - carries the genetic code for protein synthesis from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
- Transfer RNA (tRNA) - plays a role in translating the mRNA code into a sequence of amino acids to form proteins.
- Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) - forms part of the ribosomes where protein synthesis occurs.
- These work together to produce proteins.
Causes of Mutations in RNA
- Exposure to X-rays
- Exposure to ultraviolet light
- Exposure to certain chemicals
- Exposure to radioactive materials
Types of Mutations in RNA
- Insertion: Adding one or more nitrogen bases to the DNA sequence.
- Deletion: Removing one or more nitrogen bases from the DNA sequence.
- Substitution: Replacing one nitrogen base with a different one.
Results of a Mutation
- Mutations can change proteins, leading to changes in traits and potentially genetic disorders.
- Not all mutations have negative effects. Some mutations do not affect proteins or traits, and some mutations can benefit an organism.
DNA vs RNA
- DNA
- Double-stranded
- Deoxyribose sugar
- Genetic material
- Found in the nucleus
- Thymine (T)
- RNA
- Single-stranded
- Ribose sugar
- Involved in protein production, but not the source of the code for proteins.
- Found in the cytoplasm
- Uracil (U)
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