Biology Notes: RNA and DNA PDF
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Al-Wataniya Private University
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Summary
These notes cover the basics of RNA and DNA, including their roles in protein synthesis and the different types of mutations that can occur. They discuss the processes of transcription and translation, as well as various factors that can cause mutations. The document is formatted as notes, not a full exam paper.
Full Transcript
**Biology Notes: RNA and DNA** **Ribonucleic Acid (RNA):** a type of nucleic acid that carries the code for making proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. **Transcription:** The process of making (mRNA) from (RNA). **Translation:** The process of making a protein from (RNA). **Mutations:** A...
**Biology Notes: RNA and DNA** **Ribonucleic Acid (RNA):** a type of nucleic acid that carries the code for making proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. **Transcription:** The process of making (mRNA) from (RNA). **Translation:** The process of making a protein from (RNA). **Mutations:** A change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene. - Proteins are made with the help of RNA 1. Exposure to X-Rays 2. Exposure to ultraviolet lights 3. Exposure to some kinds chemicals 4. Exposure to radioactive materials 1. Insertion: when one or more nitrogen bases are added to the DNA. 2. Deletion: when one or more nitrogen bases are left out of the DNA sequence. 3. Substitution: when one nitrogen base is replaced by a different nitrogen base. DNA RNA ------------------- ------------------------ 2 strands **1 strand** Deoxyribose Sugar **Ribose Sugar** Genetic material **Proteins** Found in nucleus **Found in cytoplasm** Thymine (T) **Uracil (U)**
