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Questions and Answers
Which of the following determines net fluid movement across capillaries?
Which of the following determines net fluid movement across capillaries?
- Interstitial pressure and lymphatic vessel diameter
- Blood viscosity and lymph flow
- Vasomotion and capillary filtration coefficient
- Hydrostatic and colloid osmotic pressures (correct)
What is the main function of the lymphatic system in relation to excess fluid?
What is the main function of the lymphatic system in relation to excess fluid?
- Maintaining blood viscosity
- Filtering nutrients from interstitial fluid
- Returning excess fluid to circulation (correct)
- Generating vasomotion in capillaries
What is the primary factor contributing to fluid filtration across capillaries?
What is the primary factor contributing to fluid filtration across capillaries?
- Hydrostatic pressure (correct)
- Blood pressure
- Colloid osmotic pressure
- Vasomotion
What is the primary means of transfer between plasma and interstitial fluid?
What is the primary means of transfer between plasma and interstitial fluid?
Which structures are the major solid components of the interstitium?
Which structures are the major solid components of the interstitium?
What is the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space called?
What is the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space called?
What regulates blood flow in capillaries through the intermittent contraction of metarterioles and precapillary sphincters?
What regulates blood flow in capillaries through the intermittent contraction of metarterioles and precapillary sphincters?
Which type of capillary has specific functions and locations, and is one of the three main types mentioned in the text?
Which type of capillary has specific functions and locations, and is one of the three main types mentioned in the text?
What are the thin-walled vessels composed of a single layer of endothelial cells, facilitating the exchange of O2, CO2, and nutrients?
What are the thin-walled vessels composed of a single layer of endothelial cells, facilitating the exchange of O2, CO2, and nutrients?
What is the space between cells containing interstitial fluid, collagen fibers, and proteoglycan filaments called?
What is the space between cells containing interstitial fluid, collagen fibers, and proteoglycan filaments called?
What causes the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space, often due to increased capillary permeability or impaired lymphatic drainage?
What causes the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space, often due to increased capillary permeability or impaired lymphatic drainage?
What is the most important means of transfer between plasma and interstitial fluid?
What is the most important means of transfer between plasma and interstitial fluid?
Which type of capillary has extreme differences in permeabilities among capillaries in different tissues?
Which type of capillary has extreme differences in permeabilities among capillaries in different tissues?
What are the modes of exchange across capillaries mentioned in the text?
What are the modes of exchange across capillaries mentioned in the text?
What are the microcirculation's surface area for solute and fluid exchange in square meters, as mentioned in the text?
What are the microcirculation's surface area for solute and fluid exchange in square meters, as mentioned in the text?
Valves are found in which of the following?
Valves are found in which of the following?
The Starling force with the highest outwardly directed filtration pressure is:
The Starling force with the highest outwardly directed filtration pressure is:
Most lymph of the body returns to circulation via the:
Most lymph of the body returns to circulation via the:
The net filtration pressure is calculated as:
The net filtration pressure is calculated as:
What is the approximate normal capillary hydrostatic pressure?
What is the approximate normal capillary hydrostatic pressure?
What is the approximate normal interstitial fluid pressure in most tissues?
What is the approximate normal interstitial fluid pressure in most tissues?
What contributes to lymphatic pumping?
What contributes to lymphatic pumping?
What is the major route for absorption of nutrients from the GI tract?
What is the major route for absorption of nutrients from the GI tract?
What is the primary factor propelling lymph?
What is the primary factor propelling lymph?
What is the approximate normal plasma colloid osmotic pressure?
What is the approximate normal plasma colloid osmotic pressure?
What is the approximate normal interstitial colloid osmotic pressure?
What is the approximate normal interstitial colloid osmotic pressure?
What opposes filtration by causing osmosis of water inward through the membrane?
What opposes filtration by causing osmosis of water inward through the membrane?
Valves are found in which of the following:
Valves are found in which of the following:
The Starling force with the highest outwardly directed filtration pressure is:
The Starling force with the highest outwardly directed filtration pressure is:
Most lymph of the body returns to circulation via the:
Most lymph of the body returns to circulation via the:
What are the thin-walled vessels composed of a single layer of endothelial cells, facilitating the exchange of O2, CO2, and nutrients?
What are the thin-walled vessels composed of a single layer of endothelial cells, facilitating the exchange of O2, CO2, and nutrients?
What are the modes of exchange across capillaries mentioned in the text?
What are the modes of exchange across capillaries mentioned in the text?
Study Notes
Formation of Edema in the Interstitium
- The microcirculation consists of over 10 billion capillaries with a surface area of 500–700 square meters for solute and fluid exchange.
- Vasomotion, the intermittent contraction of metarterioles and precapillary sphincters, regulates blood flow in capillaries.
- Capillaries are thin-walled vessels composed of a single layer of endothelial cells, facilitating the exchange of O2, CO2, and nutrients.
- Modes of exchange across capillaries include lipid-soluble molecules passing through cells, membrane carriers facilitating ion movement, and transcytosis for large molecules.
- Three main types of capillaries are continuous, fenestrated, and sinusoid, each with specific functions and locations.
- Substances pass through the endothelium by diffusion and filtration, with diffusion being the most important means of transfer between plasma and interstitial fluid.
- The interstitium is the space between cells, containing fluid called interstitial fluid, with collagen fibers and proteoglycan filaments as the major solid structures.
- The permeability of capillary pores for different substances varies according to their molecular diameters, with extreme differences in permeabilities among capillaries in different tissues.
- The interstitium is primarily composed of gel-like fluid proteoglycan mixtures, with very little free fluid under normal conditions.
- Edema is the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space, often caused by increased capillary permeability or impaired lymphatic drainage.
- Excess CO2 in the brain and lack of O2 are key factors influencing capillary flow and vasomotion.
- The diameter of capillaries varies, with different diameters at the arterial and venous ends, affecting the movement of solute and water across the capillary wall.
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Description
Learn about the microcirculation, capillaries, different types of capillaries, modes of exchange, interstitium, and the formation of edema. Understand how substances pass through endothelium by diffusion and filtration and the factors influencing capillary flow and vasomotion.
