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Questions and Answers
Class A airspace goes from ___ to ___ elevation.
Class A airspace goes from ___ to ___ elevation.
FL180 to FL600
Class A airspace extends ___ miles off the coast.
Class A airspace extends ___ miles off the coast.
12nm
Where can Class E airspace be found?
Where can Class E airspace be found?
Surface, 700, 1200, or 14,500 AGL
What are the VFR minimums in Class E airspace above 10,000' MSL?
What are the VFR minimums in Class E airspace above 10,000' MSL?
How is Class E touching the surface depicted on a sectional?
How is Class E touching the surface depicted on a sectional?
How is Class E starting at 700' AGL depicted on a sectional?
How is Class E starting at 700' AGL depicted on a sectional?
What altitude does Class E typically start at above ground level?
What altitude does Class E typically start at above ground level?
What are the VFR minimums in Class E airspace below 10,000' MSL?
What are the VFR minimums in Class E airspace below 10,000' MSL?
What are the cloud clearance and visibility requirements in Class B airspace?
What are the cloud clearance and visibility requirements in Class B airspace?
What is the speed limit below 10,000' AGL?
What is the speed limit below 10,000' AGL?
What are the basic VFR minimums in Class E surface area?
What are the basic VFR minimums in Class E surface area?
Define 'ceiling'.
Define 'ceiling'.
What VFR minimums are required for taking off, landing, or operating at an airport with surface based controlled airspace?
What VFR minimums are required for taking off, landing, or operating at an airport with surface based controlled airspace?
What is the minimum safe altitude above a non-congested area?
What is the minimum safe altitude above a non-congested area?
What is the minimum safe altitude above a congested area?
What is the minimum safe altitude above a congested area?
What is the minimum distance allowed below a cloud in Class E airspace?
What is the minimum distance allowed below a cloud in Class E airspace?
What is the special VFR clearance in Class E surface area?
What is the special VFR clearance in Class E surface area?
What is the purpose of SVFR clearance?
What is the purpose of SVFR clearance?
What does a blue faded line (vignette) on a sectional indicate?
What does a blue faded line (vignette) on a sectional indicate?
Class G airspace is found at ____.
Class G airspace is found at ____.
Where does Class G uncontrolled airspace lay over the United States?
Where does Class G uncontrolled airspace lay over the United States?
What are the daytime VFR minimums in Class G airspace?
What are the daytime VFR minimums in Class G airspace?
What are the nighttime VFR minimums in Class G airspace?
What are the nighttime VFR minimums in Class G airspace?
What are the typical dimensions of Class D airspace?
What are the typical dimensions of Class D airspace?
What are the requirements to operate in Class D airspace?
What are the requirements to operate in Class D airspace?
What must you do to land, take off, or fly within Class D airspace?
What must you do to land, take off, or fly within Class D airspace?
How is Class D airspace depicted on sectional charts?
How is Class D airspace depicted on sectional charts?
When the airport itself is colored blue on a sectional, what does it indicate?
When the airport itself is colored blue on a sectional, what does it indicate?
What are the VFR minimums while flying in Class D airspace?
What are the VFR minimums while flying in Class D airspace?
What are the VFR surface minimums to take off, land, or operate in the pattern in Class D?
What are the VFR surface minimums to take off, land, or operate in the pattern in Class D?
What must you do if entering or departing a satellite airport within Class D airspace?
What must you do if entering or departing a satellite airport within Class D airspace?
What does a minus sign next to the airport's elevation figure on a sectional mean?
What does a minus sign next to the airport's elevation figure on a sectional mean?
What are the two entities you will communicate with in Class C airspace?
What are the two entities you will communicate with in Class C airspace?
How is Class C airspace geometrically shaped?
How is Class C airspace geometrically shaped?
What are Class C's lower cylinder dimensions?
What are Class C's lower cylinder dimensions?
What are Class C's upper cylinder dimensions?
What are Class C's upper cylinder dimensions?
How is Class C depicted on sectional charts?
How is Class C depicted on sectional charts?
What must you establish and maintain while operating within Class C airspace?
What must you establish and maintain while operating within Class C airspace?
What services does ATC or approach control provide in Class C airspace?
What services does ATC or approach control provide in Class C airspace?
What services do controllers in Class D airspace provide?
What services do controllers in Class D airspace provide?
What is affected by changes in ground elevation around an airport?
What is affected by changes in ground elevation around an airport?
What are the equipment requirements to enter Class C airspace?
What are the equipment requirements to enter Class C airspace?
If you plan to land at an airport within the inner circle of Class C, what must you do?
If you plan to land at an airport within the inner circle of Class C, what must you do?
Who must you be in communication with while traversing Class C airspace?
Who must you be in communication with while traversing Class C airspace?
Where is Mode C required while in and around Class C?
Where is Mode C required while in and around Class C?
When should a heads up of your arrival be given to approach control in Class C?
When should a heads up of your arrival be given to approach control in Class C?
An uncharted imaginary outer circle around Class C extends out to ___ nautical miles.
An uncharted imaginary outer circle around Class C extends out to ___ nautical miles.
When departing Class C airspace, whom will the tower usually hand you off to?
When departing Class C airspace, whom will the tower usually hand you off to?
What must you establish and maintain when departing or arriving at a satellite airport within Class C airspace?
What must you establish and maintain when departing or arriving at a satellite airport within Class C airspace?
What are the VFR minimums to fly within Class C airspace?
What are the VFR minimums to fly within Class C airspace?
What are the surface VFR requirements to take off, land, or fly in the pattern of Class C?
What are the surface VFR requirements to take off, land, or fly in the pattern of Class C?
If a Class C airport tower is closed and it reverts to Class D after hours, whom do you contact while in or outbound?
If a Class C airport tower is closed and it reverts to Class D after hours, whom do you contact while in or outbound?
How is Class B airspace shaped?
How is Class B airspace shaped?
What is the radius of Class B airspace?
What is the radius of Class B airspace?
Class B airspace extends from the surface up to what altitude?
Class B airspace extends from the surface up to what altitude?
How is Class B airspace depicted on a sectional?
How is Class B airspace depicted on a sectional?
What are the elevation boundaries of Class B airspace typically made up of?
What are the elevation boundaries of Class B airspace typically made up of?
What are the requirements to legally operate in Class B airspace?
What are the requirements to legally operate in Class B airspace?
What are the VFR weather minimums to fly in Class B airspace?
What are the VFR weather minimums to fly in Class B airspace?
What is required to take off, land, or fly in the pattern (without SVFR) in Class B airspace?
What is required to take off, land, or fly in the pattern (without SVFR) in Class B airspace?
What is the speed limit in order to operate below the lateral limits of Class B?
What is the speed limit in order to operate below the lateral limits of Class B?
How will other airports that require mode C transponders within 30 nautical miles let you know on a sectional?
How will other airports that require mode C transponders within 30 nautical miles let you know on a sectional?
Mode C transponders are required in all lower 48 states if flying at and above what altitude?
Mode C transponders are required in all lower 48 states if flying at and above what altitude?
What do black rings around an airport identify?
What do black rings around an airport identify?
What service is provided in TRSA airspace?
What service is provided in TRSA airspace?
Define prohibited areas airspace.
Define prohibited areas airspace.
How are prohibited areas depicted?
How are prohibited areas depicted?
What are common hazards in restricted areas?
What are common hazards in restricted areas?
Before you enter a restricted zone, whose permission do you need?
Before you enter a restricted zone, whose permission do you need?
What defines warning areas?
What defines warning areas?
What are warning areas?
What are warning areas?
How are alert areas depicted on sectional charts?
How are alert areas depicted on sectional charts?
What do alert areas contain?
What do alert areas contain?
Military Operations Areas (MOAs) are assumed to extend up to ___ elevation.
Military Operations Areas (MOAs) are assumed to extend up to ___ elevation.
Before entering MOAs, whom should you contact?
Before entering MOAs, whom should you contact?
Before entering an MOA, what is also wise practice to contact?
Before entering an MOA, what is also wise practice to contact?
What is a civilian airport inside an MOA known as?
What is a civilian airport inside an MOA known as?
Military Training Routes (MTRs) come in how many types?
Military Training Routes (MTRs) come in how many types?
VFR MTRs are flown below what elevation?
VFR MTRs are flown below what elevation?
What does a 4-digit MTR mean?
What does a 4-digit MTR mean?
What does a 3-digit MTR number mean?
What does a 3-digit MTR number mean?
What is the purpose of Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFRs)?
What is the purpose of Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFRs)?
How are TFRs usually issued?
How are TFRs usually issued?
TRSA stands for ___ .
TRSA stands for ___ .
How are variable floors of Class E airspace depicted on a sectional?
How are variable floors of Class E airspace depicted on a sectional?
What are the dimensions of Victor airways?
What are the dimensions of Victor airways?
If Class B, C, D, or E airspace touches the surface, what are the basic VFR minimums to operate?
If Class B, C, D, or E airspace touches the surface, what are the basic VFR minimums to operate?
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Study Notes
Airspace Classifications and Requirements
- Class A airspace spans from FL180 to FL600 and extends 12 nautical miles off the coast.
- Class E airspace is found at surface, 700, 1200, or 14,500 feet AGL, beginning typically at 1200' AGL unless around airports where it may start lower.
- Visibility and cloud clearance for VFR in Class E above 10,000' MSL requires 5 miles visibility, with cloud clearance of 1000' above, 1000' below, and 1 mile laterally.
- Below 10,000' MSL, VFR minimums in Class E are 3 miles visibility and cloud clearance of 1000' above, 500' below, and 2000' laterally.
- Cloud clearance and visibility for Class B airspace necessitate 3 miles visibility and being clear of clouds.
VFR Minimums and Special Procedures
- Basic VFR minimums in Class E surface area include 3 miles visibility and a ceiling greater than 1000'.
- Special VFR clearance in Class E surface airspace requires 1 mile visibility and being clear of clouds.
- The minimum safe altitude in non-congested areas is 500' AGL while congested areas require 1000' above the highest obstacle within 2000' laterally.
Class D Airspace
- Class D airspace typically has a 5-mile radius and extends up to 2500' AGL, depicted on sectional charts by a blue dashed circle.
- Communication with ATC is mandatory before entering Class D airspace, where controllers provide sequencing and traffic information but not separation.
- VFR minimums in Class D are 3 miles visibility and cloud clearances of 1000' above, 500' below, and 2000' laterally.
Class C Airspace
- Class C airspace resembles double-stacked tuna cans with a lower cylinder having a 5-mile radius up to 1200' AGL and an upper cylinder extending out 10 miles to 4000' AGL.
- Communication with ATC, usually approach control, is required before entering Class C airspace.
- VFR weather minimums in Class C mirror those of Class D: 3 miles visibility and cloud clearances of 1000' above, 500' below, and 2000' laterally.
Class B Airspace
- Class B airspace is shaped like an inverted wedding cake, extending from the surface up to 10,000' MSL within a radius of 15 to 30 nautical miles.
- Operations in Class B require a private pilot license or endorsed student license, ATC clearance, and a suitable transponder.
- VFR minimums in Class B entail 3 miles visibility while remaining clear of clouds.
Restricted and Prohibited Areas
- Prohibited Areas are always off-limits, depicted by blue hatched lines accompanied by a “P”.
- Restricted Areas indicate zones with invisible hazards (e.g., military activities) and require permission from controlling agencies to enter.
- Warning Areas are defined by blue hatched lines, highlighting areas where U.S. restrictions do not apply, yet pose hazards.
Military Operations and Temporary Flight Restrictions
- Military Operations Areas (MOAs) extend up to FL180; contacting the nearest Flight Service Station before entering is advised for traffic updates.
- Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFRs) are established to protect surface activities, typically communicated through NOTAMs outlining affected areas and altitudes.
Additional Airspace Insights
- TRSA (Terminal Radar Service Area) provides voluntary separation services between participating VFR and IFR traffic, indicated by black rings.
- Class E airspace flexibility is shown by serrated blue lines, while Victor airways are 8 miles wide and extend from the base of Class E airspace to 18,000' MSL.
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