Rizal's Life and Career

• Rizal's dedication to athletics was an attempt to normalize himself, but he was more than tall by rising above himself.

Rizal's Career

• Rizal's career exemplifies the challenge-and-response theory of progress.
• He overcame challenges, adding to his stature, and his last emotional involvement with Josephine Bracken was a mature relationship, a marriage.
• Radaic says Rizal's fights as a boy were compensations for his inferior build, an aspect of his timorousness turned inside out.
• Tormented by feelings of inferiority, Rizal made a career of ascension, raising himself to the heights of perfection and endeavor.

Creole Identity

• The Rizal novels are comic in manner, with elements that defy canonization.
• Maria Clara, a scandalous mestiza, is seen as an object of satire, enrapturing Rizal.
• Rizal is said to have been taken in by her, that she is no heroine to today's iconoclasts.
• Maria Clara as an ideal or symbol of the Mother Country may be discarded to purify Rizal.
• The hero, Ibarra, belonging to the class of "Filipinos", expressing misgivings, had more native than Spanish blood.
• A Creole class in the pure sense never existed in the Philippines, and even Spaniards could only keep them Creole for three generations.
• The process was arrested and reversed by the Ayalas, restored Creole status with heavy infusions of European blood.
• Up to midway of the 19th century, Philippine Creoles had no scruples about blood purity.
• A friar's bastard would not have status as Creole, while a landowner would still be Creole despite mixed marriages.
• Ibarra was a translation into Asia of Europe, with "poured" significance in his name.
• Rizal made this "translated Filipino" his hero, trying to identify with the Creole.
• The question is why Rizal made this Creole his hero: perhaps identifying with the Creole, or the illustrators are right who give Ibarra Rizal's features.
• Rizal's novels are historical parables, related to their times.
• But was Rizal prophesying the revolution of 1896 or talking about another revolution he was more sympathetic to?
• Rizal was aware of a revolution inspired by Burgos and involved Creole class, a Creole campaign against the Peninsulars.
• Spain was overthrown in America by uprisings of Creoles, that the Creoles were restive, rising, were headed for an open clash.
• When Rizal wrote his novels, he was writing about an actual movement, aiming to animate it.

Creole Development

• For 200 years - through the 17th and 18th centuries the Philippine Creoles lives were entirely devoted to the service of the country.
• The Creole's great labor, their achievement, was keeping the Philippines intact under threat of invasion.
• During the Dutch Wars, the country was under constant siege, and it was through vigilance that the Philippines still exists.
• During those 200 years the Creole faltered only briefly, later would sneer at Spanish empire as inept against all evidence.
• The prime duty of a mother country to a colony is to protect it from invasion, Spain, in its almost 400 years, acquitted itself with honor.
• The Tagalogs and Pampangos were fighting for one's country: the labor of defense exhausting.
• The Creole might be rewarded with an encomienda, the right to collect tribute, and in return serve the people, Army, Church and Government.
• The Creoles formed our first secular clergy, our first civil service, who only late in Spanish times dedicated himself to sugar, abaca, cattle culture.
• All this time the Creole lived in isolation from Spain, fostering the autonomous spirit, and was not a Spaniard.
• The Creole controlled the government, was a "Filipino", while Madrid represented only the governor-general.
• The voyage from Europe to the Philippines was so long, so expensive, the mortality among passengers so high, and once here they had to cast with the country forever.
• The immigrating Spaniard, broke with Spain forever and further considered the Basques and Catalans.
• With the revolt of Spanish America and the opening of the Suez Canal, lo mas perdido de la peninsula observe the Creoles.
• These Peninsular parasites, considered themselves several cuts above the Filipino.
• The war between Creole and Peninsular had begun during the first three quarters of the 19th century.
• A practically autonomous commonwealth was becoming a Spanish colony.
• Previous centuries had been years of Christianization, unification and development, but only the final century was a period of hispanization.
• Within a century, the hispanization campaign produced Rizal and the ilustrados, men so steeped in culture they seemed to have a thousand years behind them.
• The campaign to hispanize was intensifying when the Revolution broke out, the government was schools to spread Spanish.
• Meanwhile, the Philippine Creole was rising, stirred Novales revolt, Novales was proclaimed "emperor of the Philippines."

Ideals and Disasters

• The current of mutinous opinion swelled, leading to the Creole revolution manifest in Father Pelaez, who started the propaganda for the Filipinization of the clergy.
• With Burgos, like Rizal himself, were what might be called "eventualists", autonomy could be gained and Burgos is the Creole of the 1870s, resurgent if not yet insurgent.
• In the secular sphere is Antonio Regidor who replied to the Peninsular's disdain and a Filipino vaunting that a Filipino, could be more cultured.
• The fate of put an end Burgos to the idea of that come mostly being the Pardo the also the implantation all traces For Deciders Fate.

Ibarras Evolution

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Rizal's Revolution

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