Podcast
Questions and Answers
Who served as the President of the Military Court during Rizal's trial?
Who served as the President of the Military Court during Rizal's trial?
- Lt.Col.Jose Togores Arjona (correct)
- Capt.Ricardo Muñoz Ariaz
- Capt.Manuel Reguera
- Capt.Fernando Perez
What were the charges brought against Dr. Rizal?
What were the charges brought against Dr. Rizal?
- Treason and Espionage
- Corruption and Theft
- Rebellion, Sedition, and Illegal Association (correct)
- Assault and Battery
What recommendation allowed Rizal's exile to end?
What recommendation allowed Rizal's exile to end?
- Bluementritt's recommendation (correct)
- Gov.Gen.Ramon Blanco's directive
- A petition from his family
- Pressure from the community
Who was the Judge Advocate during Rizal's trial?
Who was the Judge Advocate during Rizal's trial?
What action did President Lt.Col.Togores Arjona take at the conclusion of the trial?
What action did President Lt.Col.Togores Arjona take at the conclusion of the trial?
What was the name of the college where Jose Rizal studied after initially considering Letran?
What was the name of the college where Jose Rizal studied after initially considering Letran?
Who interceded for Jose Rizal to be admitted to Ateneo Municipal?
Who interceded for Jose Rizal to be admitted to Ateneo Municipal?
How did Jose Rizal's family name become a source of suspicion?
How did Jose Rizal's family name become a source of suspicion?
What was the method of education used by the Jesuits at Ateneo Municipal?
What was the method of education used by the Jesuits at Ateneo Municipal?
What were the two groups of students at Ateneo called?
What were the two groups of students at Ateneo called?
What activity marked the beginning of each school day at Ateneo Municipal?
What activity marked the beginning of each school day at Ateneo Municipal?
What role did Jose's boarding house play in his schooling?
What role did Jose's boarding house play in his schooling?
What was the significance of 'three mistakes' in the student ranking system?
What was the significance of 'three mistakes' in the student ranking system?
Who was Rizal's defender in court?
Who was Rizal's defender in court?
What did Rizal not do when the charges were read to him?
What did Rizal not do when the charges were read to him?
On which date did the court-martial of Rizal start?
On which date did the court-martial of Rizal start?
What was Rizal's appeal in his manifesto to the people?
What was Rizal's appeal in his manifesto to the people?
Who had the authority to order a court-martial for Rizal?
Who had the authority to order a court-martial for Rizal?
What was Rizal's emotional state during Christmas of 1896?
What was Rizal's emotional state during Christmas of 1896?
What was the purpose of the charges read to Rizal?
What was the purpose of the charges read to Rizal?
Who transmitted the records of the case to the governor?
Who transmitted the records of the case to the governor?
What criteria does a student need to meet to achieve the highest score for content?
What criteria does a student need to meet to achieve the highest score for content?
What is the maximum score a student can achieve for content?
What is the maximum score a student can achieve for content?
What score suggests a lack of interest in the given task?
What score suggests a lack of interest in the given task?
What differentiates a score of 3 from a score of 2?
What differentiates a score of 3 from a score of 2?
What does a score of 4 indicate regarding the student's task performance?
What does a score of 4 indicate regarding the student's task performance?
What is a potential consequence of receiving a score of 1 on content assessment?
What is a potential consequence of receiving a score of 1 on content assessment?
Which score indicates that the student almost completed the task?
Which score indicates that the student almost completed the task?
Which of the following statements about student organization is true?
Which of the following statements about student organization is true?
What does nearly perfect organization in an assignment imply?
What does nearly perfect organization in an assignment imply?
What can be inferred from the student's organization score of 5 out of 10?
What can be inferred from the student's organization score of 5 out of 10?
Which resource focuses specifically on the life of Jose Rizal?
Which resource focuses specifically on the life of Jose Rizal?
Which of the following factors contributes to the overall organization of a student's work?
Which of the following factors contributes to the overall organization of a student's work?
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Study Notes
###Â Rizal's Early Education
- Jose Rizal took entrance examinations in 1872 at the College of San Juan de Letran in Manila
- He passed the examinations in Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, and reading
- His father initially wanted him to study at Letran, but later changed his mind and chose Ateneo for him
- Rizal was initially refused admission to Ateneo because he was late for registration and considered sickly and undersized
- Manuel Xeres Burgos, nephew of Father Burgos, intervened to secure his admission to Ateneo
- Rizal adopted the surname Rizal at the Ateneo as the Spanish authorities were suspicious of the Mercado family
- The Ateneo was located in Intramuros, within the walls of Manila
- Rizal boarded in a house on Caraballo Street, 25 minutes walk from the college
- He stayed at the boarding house owned by Titay to collect a debt owed to the Rizal family
Ateneo Education System
- The Jesuits emphasized character development through rigorous discipline, humanities, and religious instruction
- Students began their day with Mass, and classes opened and closed with prayers
- Students were divided into two groups representing the Roman Empire and the Carthaginian Empire:
- The Roman Empire comprised the internos (boarders) with red banners
- The Carthaginian Empire consisted of the externos (non-boarders) with blue banners
- Each group had ranks that students competed for, and incorrect answers could lead to a loss of rank
- The ranks included emperor, tribune, decurion, centurion, and standard-bearer
Rizal's Arrest and Trial
- Rizal was arrested on September 30, 1896, on his way to Barcelona
- He was accused of rebellion, sedition, and forming illegal associations
- He was considered guilty before his trial, which took place on December 26, 1896, in the Cuartel de España
- The court-martial consisted of seven members, including:
- Lt.Col. Jose Togores Arjona (President)
- Capt. Ricardo Muñoz Ariaz
- Capt. Manuel Reguera
- Capt. Santiago Izquierdo Osorio
- Capt. Braulio Rofriguez Nuñez
- Capt. Manuel Diaz Escribano
- Capt. Fernando Perez
- Rizal's defense counsel was Lt. Taviel de Andrade
- On December 26, 1896, the court decision was submitted to Governor Polavieja
- Rizal was found guilty of rebellion, sedition, and forming illegal associations, and sentenced to death
Other Important Points:
- The testimonial evidence included testimonies from:
- Martin Constantino Aguedo del Rosario
- Jose Reyes
- Moises Salvador
- Jose Dizon
- Domingo Franco
- Deodato Arellano
- Ambrosio Salvador
- Pedro Serrano Laktaw
- Dr.Pio Valenzuela
- Antonio Salazar
- Francisco Dizon
- Timoteo Paez
- Â Colonel Olive transmitted the case records to Governor Ramon Blanco
- Captain Rafael Dominguez served as the judge advocate
- Judge Advocate Gen. Don Nicolas de la Peña submitted recommendations
- Don Luis Taviel de Andrade served as Rizal's defender
- Rizal's exile ended on July 31, 1896
- He volunteered his services in Cuba at the recommendation of Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt
- Rizal was suspected of being the revolution's secret leader
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