Rizal 101: Life, Works and Impact of Jose Rizal

• Holy Cross of Davao College offers a course pack in Life and Works of Rizal (Rizal 101).

Course Information

• The course is written by Jayson B. De Los Santos and Roland John Delos Santos
• Course Code: RIZAL 101
• This is a 3-unit course taken over 3 hours.
• No prerequisites are needed for the course.
• Republic Act 1425 mandates that the course covers the life, works, biography, writings, novels Noli Me Tangere, El Filibusterismo, essays, and correspondences of Jose Rizal.

Course Objectives

• Discuss Jose Rizal’s life in 19th-century Philippines
• Analyze Rizal's works, focusing on Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
• Organize Rizal's ideas by theme
• Demonstrate critical reading of primary sources.
• Interpret the values derived from Rizal’s life and works.
• Appreciate education and love of country.

Lessons

• Lesson 1: Rizal's Pen and the Power of Law: The Rizal Law and its Impact on Filipino Identity
• Lesson 2: Stirrings of Change: The Philippines on the Eve of Rizal's Birth during 1801-1861
• Lesson 3: The Prodigy of Calamba: Young Rizal's Intellectual Blossoming spanning 1861-1871
• Lesson 4: A Glimpse of Injustice: The GOMBURZA Execution and the Spark of Nationalism in Young Rizal from 1871-1872
• Lesson 5: From Boy to Scholar: Rizal's Transformation at Ateneo de Manila during 1872-1877
• Lesson 6: A Doctor's Heart, a Reformer's Mind: Rizal's Awakening as a Propagandist at the University of Santo Tomas from 1877-1882
• Lesson 7: Exile by Choice: Rizal's European Odyssey for Reform spanning 1882-1885
• Lesson 8: From Student to Scribe: The Birth of Noli Me Tangere and Rizal’s Homecoming from 1885-1888
• Lesson 9: Reforging the Struggle: Rizal's Second Trip to Europe and the Resurgence of Propaganda Movement from 1888-1889
• Lesson 10: From Annotations to Agitation: Rizal's Annotation to Morga’s Work and La Solidaridad Essays in Dialogue from 1889-1891
• Lesson 11: More Than a Book: El Filibusterismo's Publication and the Birth of a Filipino Symbol in 1891
• Lesson 12: Exile or Opportunity? Rizal's Second Homecoming and the Exile in Dapitan from 1892-1896
• Lesson 13: The Last Stand: Rizal's Trial and the Dawning of the Philippine Revolution in 1896
• Lesson 14: Echoes of Sacrifice: Rizal's Martyrdom and its Enduring Legacy in Philippine Society

Module 3 Objectives

• Analyze interconnections between Rizal's experiences, literary works, and the socio-political context of the Philippines during the Spanish period.
• Evaluate Rizal's political and social ideology through his life experiences, literary works, and historical context.
• Create an original work demonstrating a deep understanding of Rizal's vision for the Philippines and its relevance to historical and contemporary contexts

Guidelines

• The Course will include: oral reports, quizzes, exams, coursepack activities, reflection, learning and critique paper
• Students can take the course online or offline.
• Synchronous online classes last one hour per week via Google Meet.
• Offline students must enroll in the Google Classroom
• Major examinations must be taken online by all students.
• Offline students activities are due one week prior to examinations.

Additional key facts

• On November 1, 1886, Rizal arrived in Berlin and stayed at the Central Hotel.
• Rizal wrote to Pastor Karl Ullmer about his arrival on the next day
• Correspondence was sent to both ETA, Friedrich , and Blumentritt.
• Rizal was admitted to the Real Biblioteca de Berlin for study until March 1, 1887.
• Rizal sent the tragedies of Schiller and stories of Anderson to his nephews.
• He wrote to Prof. Blumentritt, about the Tiruray dialect
• Maximo Viola joined Rizal in Berlin on December 11, 1886, and was taught German.
• Rizal dreamt of his mother on December 23, 1886.
• Rizal wrote to his mother about a recurring dream related to her
• German authorities requested Rizal to present himself, causing him to be expelled.
• In January 1887, Rizal joined the Ethnographic Society of Berlin.
• Dr. Teodor Jagor invited him to Geographic Society luncheons.
• He met Virchow, president of the Anthropological Society of Berlin at that luncheon.
• By spring, he had plans to translate Dr. Jagor's travel book
• Rizal joined Berlin's Anthropological Society and Geographical Society in February 1887.
• On March 5, 1887, Rizal translated Andersen's "History of a Mother" into French
• Rizal published Noli Me Tangere on March 21, 1887.
• In April, He left Berlin for Dresden stopping at Museo Etnografico
• He met Dr. A. B. Meyer, director of the museum
• Rizal left Berlin in May and went to Dresden, Leitmeritz, Prague, Vienna, Munich, Nuremberg, Ulm, Lausanne and Geneva.

Noli Me Tangere

• Noli Me Tangere was written by Jose Rizal
• The Filipino novel fueled nationalist tendencies of the nineteenth and twentieth century
• It is still popular in today's Philippine setting due to the ideas it discusses
• Published in Berlin in 1887
• The first Novel was written in Spanish and had 2,000 copies
• Later translated into Filipino, French, German, and Chinese, and Philippine languages
• The best English translations were by Charles Derbyshire in 1912 and Leon Maria Guerrero in 1961
• Together with El Filibusterismo, is a prerequisite subject for secondary school students in the Philippines
• Juan Crisostomo Ibarra returns home from Europe.
• He advocates for reform and education like his father Don Rafael,
• He is excommunicated from the church for assaulting Padre Damaso.
• The Governor-General reversed the excommunication.
• Padre Salvi later accused Ibarra of insurrection.
• Maria Clara said in the novel that she did not conspire against Ibarra.
• Elias and Ibarra retreat to a lake, where Elias is fatally wounded but spots Basilio and his deceased mother, Sisa.
• Elias asks that Basilio dig their tombs for buried treasure

Rizal’s Homecoming

• Rizal returned to the Philippines between 1887-1888
• He returned for his mother's eyes, to help his people who had long been mistreated by the Spanish, discover how writings influenced Filipinos, and why Leonor Rivera kept mute.
• Rizal was requested by Emilio Terrero to visit him at Malacanang Palace, however, he did not agree
• Rizal obtained a copy of the book and later presented it to the official.

Hacienda de Calamba Conflict

• Rizal's relation to Hacienda de Calamba was due to the impact it had on its tenant farmers
• his advocacy shaped social consciousness and writings due to high rents and arbitrary evictions, which fueled reform and social equality.
• Rizal's encounter with William Pryer sparked a glimpse of hope
• The Nueva Calamba is a agricultural colony for farmers and tenants of Calamba.
• Rizal's proposal of the "perdido eden" never happened, due to geo-politics between Spain and Britain.
• Letter dated February 23, 1892, stated Rizal would give his life to his countrymen
• As a national hero, wherever he lived, he committed to assisting his compatriots in achieving independence.

Rizal's stop over in Japan and United States

• On February 18, 1888, Rizal landed in Yokohama and stayed at the Tokyo Hotel
• He developed a romantic relationship with Seiko Usui

Ethnographic history

• Rizal visited New York, Oakland, Reno, Chicago, and Boston
• In 1888 Rizal said "I visited the major towns of America, with their enormous edifices, electric lights, and lofty conceptions. America is unquestionably a great country, but she has many flaws."

Life in London

• From May 13 to 16, 1888, Dr. Jose P. Rizal stayed at the Fifth Avenue Hotel
• Rizal boarded the CITY OF ROME ship with enough finances
• Rizal lived with the Beckett family at No.37 Chalcot Crescent and met Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor - Reinhold Rost
• He annotates Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas

Propaganda

• La Solidaridad was founded on December 13, 1888 in Barcelona
• The president of La Solidaridad was Rizal's cousin, Galicano Apacible.
• The journal was known as La Solidaridad, created on February 15, 1889 and continued until November 15, 1895 led by Graciano Lopez-Jaena and Marcelo H. Del Pilar.
• The people would rise and head the revolutionary forces.
• Information was spread to other organizations, writings reflected a sense of empathy arose, oppression heightened and the groundwork for revolution.

Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas

• Antonio Morga a Spanish officer and politician stationed in the Philippines
• Published work in 1609
• Work is eight chapters that cover the governors-general who ruled the Philippines
• Rizal used Paris printing business Garnier Hermanos and annotated it

Five factors outlining Rizal choice

• Scarcity of Morga's work and original translation, secular administrator and more empathetic to tell the biased tales of the friars.
• Morga and Sucesos remarks were centered on the past
• Linear interpretation of history
• Building an ideal national consciousness, identity and effort to uphold identity under colonial context.

Publication of Essays of Rizal in La Solidaridad

• The four sections of political ties between Philippines
• Discussion of the mother nation, Rizal proposed reformation and independence.
• Rizal was able to predict the America's defeat and invasion upon the Philippines. -Rizal, in the Filipino writings, examined the past to provide present context, he envisioned the future and to be almost accurate with its explanation.
• The essay written by Rizal in 1890 describes the pre-Spanish Philippines

Rivalry against propagandists

• There was a developed rivalry between Rizal and del Pilar which concluded in 1890
• Del Pilar and Lopez were then replaced.
• Editorial and management styles diverged between Rizal's political outlook; policies conflicted and associates objected these differences
• voting took place known as the "Responsable,”. which also caused division among the Filipino people.

El Filibusterismo

• Rizal wrote El Filibusterismo (Reign of Greed) was published September 18, 1891, in Ghent, Belgium.
• Writing began in 1887,
• In his first book Rizal encouraged that people aspired for change and liberty and pushed society to open its eyes and to have an open fight against the oppression,
• This book combines aspiration, beauty, passion and mercy. El Filibusterismo leaves the feelings with those resentments, contempt and aversion.
• All feelings disappeared because it was also the dream gone. In essence, the personalities and behaviors appeared to have significant changes

Symoun’s arrival

• Simoun arrived with a big plan to get and have a good vengeance and then to save Maria Clara, who had entered due to the point of learning of Ibbara
• planned in his mind to make it a revolution by smuggling weapons and to have a listing a followers among its revolutionist
• One of the recruits Basilio, Sisa’s son.
• Capitan Tiago’s aid also made and gave Basilio to a good medical degree in manila. Kabesang Tales with his revolutionaries groups

_ Kabesang Tales was formerly a Cabeza resident, he the one who was friars been torched up to the point that Simoun used the position to encourage in a more like harsh government.

The Second attempt

• The second attempt to make and start a revolution was with the bomb and blasts within Paulita Gomez and it was on Juanito’s wedding reception time
• After everything, Simoun then set an action, as his intent, because its action was for the revolution by giving the couple and the resident kerosene for lamp use