Rivers and Water Management Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are the four main processes of river erosion?

Hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition, and solution.

What are the four main processes of river transportation?

Traction, saltation, suspension, and solution.

What is the difference between hard and soft engineering in river management?

Hard engineering involves building structures like dams and levees, while soft engineering uses more natural methods like floodplain zoning and afforestation.

What is the name of the longest river in the UK?

River Severn Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that affects wave size?

Fetch Signup and view all the answers

What are the four main processes of coastal erosion?

Hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition , and solution. Signup and view all the answers

What is longshore drift, and how does it work?

Longshore drift is the transportation of sediment along a coastline in the direction of the prevailing wind. Signup and view all the answers

Give two examples of coastal landforms formed by erosion.

Headlands and bays, wave-cut platforms. Signup and view all the answers

Name a case study of a soft rock coastline in the UK and some of its management challenges.

Barton-on-Sea, which is facing significant erosion due to the presence of soft clay. Signup and view all the answers

What are the key differences between hard and soft engineering in coastal management?

Hard engineering involves structures like sea walls and groynes, which are effective but expensive and visually intrusive, while soft engineering methods like beach nourishment and managed retreat are more cost-effective and environmentally friendly but often temporary. Signup and view all the answers

What is urbanization?

The increasing proportion of people living in urban areas. Signup and view all the answers

What is counter-urbanization?

The movement of people from urban areas to rural areas. Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of an urban challenge faced by a city in a low-income country.

Overcrowding and slum conditions, as seen in Mumbai, India, where the Dharavi slum is a prominent example. Signup and view all the answers

What are two key push factors that drive people from rural areas to urban areas in LICs and NICs?

Rural poverty and lack of services. Signup and view all the answers

What are two key pull factors that attract people to urban areas in LICs and NICs?

Job opportunities and better education. Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the management strategies used to address the challenges of urbanization in Mumbai?

Slum resettlement projects and developing infrastructure, such as the Mumbai Metro. Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the challenges faced by London as a global city?

Expensive housing and air pollution. Signup and view all the answers

What is one sustainable community initiative in London that aims to reduce energy consumption and promote sustainable living?

BedZED (Beddington Zero Energy Development) is an example of a sustainable community design that incorporates features like energy-efficient buildings, renewable energy sources, and shared transportation systems. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of natural population increase.

It is the difference between birth rates and death rates. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of an ageing population.

It is the increasing proportion of elderly people in a population. Signup and view all the answers

What are two main consequences of the UK's low birth rate and ageing population?

Increased healthcare demand and shortage of workers. Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the recent changes in the retail sector in the UK?

Growth of online shopping and out-of-town retail parks. Signup and view all the answers

What is a clone town, and how does it contribute to the decline of high streets?

A clone town is a town where most of the shops are from the same chain stores, leading to a lack of variety and local businesses, which can contribute to the decline of high streets. Signup and view all the answers

What are two possible solutions to the decline of high streets in the UK?

Regeneration schemes and improved public transport. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Egan's Wheel, and how does it relate to sustainable communities?

The Egan's Wheel is a model that illustrates the interconnected elements of a sustainable community, encompassing social, economic, environmental, and cultural aspects. Signup and view all the answers

How can you describe a geographical feature or pattern in a geography exam?

Focus on what is visible or known, such as features, patterns, and characteristics. Signup and view all the answers

How can you explain a geographical feature or pattern in a geography exam?

Provide reasons or processes behind the feature or pattern. Signup and view all the answers

How can you evaluate a geographical concept or issue in a geography exam?

Weigh up pros and cons, provide examples, and reach a conclusion. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to use case studies in geography exams?

They bring real-world context and specific details to your answers, making your responses more relevant and engaging. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

Rivers and Water Management

River Processes: Hydraulic action, abrasion, and attrition erode river banks and beds; solution dissolves minerals.
River Transport: Traction (large boulders), saltation (small pebbles), suspension (fine material), and solution (dissolved minerals) move sediment.
River Landforms (Upper Course): V-shaped valleys, steep sides, narrow valley; formed by vertical erosion.
River Landforms (Middle Course): Meanders, created by lateral erosion, depositing sediment; Oxbow Lakes formed by erosion.
River Landforms (Lower Course): Floodplains, wide and flat; waterfalls and gorges created by hard/soft rock contrasts.
River Severn Case Study: Longest UK river, exhibiting upper, middle, lower course features like V-shaped valleys, meanders, and floodplains.
River Management (Hard Engineering): Dams and reservoirs, channel straightening, reduce flooding, are long lasting, but expensive, and disrupt ecosystems.
River Management (Soft Engineering): Floodplain zoning, afforestation, are sustainable, environmentally friendly, but take time and have less immediate impact.

Coastal Hazards and Management

Coastal Processes (Erosion): Hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition, and solution erode coastlines; fetch and prevailing winds affect wave size.
Coastal Processes (Transportation): Longshore drift moves sediment along the coast.
Coastal Landforms (Discordant Coast): Headlands and bays formed on various rock types.
Coastal Landforms (General): Wave-cut platforms and arches, stacks, stumps, result from erosion and wave action.
Barton-on-Sea Case Study: Soft rock coastline, severe erosion, management includes groynes and drainages.
Coastal Management (Hard Engineering): Sea walls, groynes, are effective, long-lasting, but costly and visually unappealing.
Coastal Management (Soft Engineering): Beach nourishment, managed retreat, cost-effective, environmentally friendly, but temporary.

HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

Urban Issues

Urbanisation: Increased proportion of people residing in urban areas.
Counter-urbanisation: Movement from cities to rural areas.
LICs/NICs Urban Challenges (e.g., Mumbai): Housing (overcrowding, slums), employment (informal economy); solutions like slum rehabilitation and infrastructure development.
HICs Urban Challenges (e.g., London): Housing crisis, sustainability (e.g., BedZED).
Mumbai Case Study: Push factors (rural poverty), pull factors (job opportunities); challenges, including poor sanitation, congestion; solutions, like slum resettlement and metro development.
London Case Study: Opportunities as a global city but challenges of expensive housing, air pollution; solutions include green spaces, energy-efficient buildings.

Economic Development and Population

Natural Population Increase: Difference between birth and death rates.
Ageing Population: Rising proportion of elderly people.
UK Population Challenges: Low birth rate and ageing population, greater healthcare demand, worker shortage.
Retail Changes in the UK: Online shopping rise, out-of-town retailers, high street decline.
Sustainable Communities (e.g., BedZED): Based on Egan's Wheel, focusing on affordable housing, transport, and green spaces.

EXAM TIPS

Describe: Focus on visible features and patterns.
Explain: Provide reasons and processes behind features or patterns.
Evaluate: Weigh pros & cons, give examples and conclude.
Use Case Studies: Reference specific named examples with details for added depth.

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Description

Test your knowledge on river processes, transport methods, and landforms. This quiz covers the features of the River Severn and examines the various techniques for river management. Explore how these natural formations influence our environment and the challenges we face in water management.