River Landforms Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What causes the formation of small islands separated by river channels called distributaries?

  • Erosion of the riverbed by hydraulic action
  • The collapse of hard resistant rock over softer rock
  • The retreat of waterfalls upstream
  • Deposition of fine material as the river's velocity slows (correct)

What leads to the formation of a plunge pool at the base of a waterfall?

  • The great power of the water at the base of the waterfall (correct)
  • The formation of gorges upstream
  • Erosion of the hard resistant rock by hydraulic action
  • The collapse of the overhanging hard rock

What is the main cause of the formation of gorges over time?

  • Erosion of the riverbed by hydraulic action
  • Repetition of the process of waterfall retreat (correct)
  • Deposition of fine material as the river's velocity slows
  • The collapse of hard resistant rock over softer rock

What leads to the undercutting of harder rock and the subsequent formation of waterfalls?

<p>Erosion by hydraulic action and abrasion of softer rock (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What leads to the formation of a steep river cliff in a meander?

<p>Fastest water flow on the outside of the bend causing erosion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of lateral erosion by meanders?

<p>Widening of the valley floor (floodplain) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a flood plain?

<p>Wide, flat area of land on either side of the river (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What forms a delta?

<p>Flat area of sand and silt built into the sea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Water flowing around a meander moves fastest on the outside of the bend leading to erosion and the formation of a steep river ______

<p>cliff</p> Signup and view all the answers

A flood plain is the wide, flat area of land on either side of the river in its middle and lower ______

<p>course</p> Signup and view all the answers

Levees are natural embankments of silt along the banks of a river, which are often several metres higher than the flood ______

<p>plain</p> Signup and view all the answers

A delta is a flat area of sand and silt built into the ______

<p>sea</p> Signup and view all the answers

Waterfalls form when a band of hard resistant rock (cap rock) lies over softer, less resistant ______.

<p>rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

The great power of the water at the base of the waterfall causes a plunge pool to ______.

<p>form</p> Signup and view all the answers

Over time the process above is frequently repeated and eventually a steep-sided ______ forms as the waterfall retreats upstream.

<p>gorge</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a river enters the sea carrying large volumes of fine material, the velocity slows and causes the load to be deposited in ______.

<p>layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

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