River Dynamics and Erosion Quiz

<p>The renewal of erosion due to changes in sea or land level (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gentle slopes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By exerting pressure on the riverbed through flowing water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It becomes undercut, leading to collapse (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Upper course (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The alternating layers of hard and soft rocks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are created by the flow of water into soft rock (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Retreat of a waterfall due to the undercutting of soft rock (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interlocking spurs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Continuous erosion of the soft rock (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It eventually collapses due to erosion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sediment deposition creating flat surfaces (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Highlands of hard rock project into the river channel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The swirling motion of rocks in uneven sections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lateral erosion in lowland areas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meanders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Slower flow increases deposition on the inner bend (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They abrade and drill into the bed through swirling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of meanders (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erosion on the outer banks and deposition on the inner bends (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduction in river energy during floods (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>V-shaped valley (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of high tides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decrease in river speed and energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Creation of more distributaries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erosion of existing delta land (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arcuate delta (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eventually fills in the lagoon to form land (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nile River (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It consists of finger-like projections into the sea. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A strong wave action along a straight coastline. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Due to lower river flow and sediment deposition. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shallow bodies shaped like crescents or horseshoes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distributaries are the smaller channels that branch out from a river. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The small islands formed by deposition within braided river channels. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fresh and saltwater mix due to tides. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erosion of the banks at the narrow neck of land. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>On the outer bend where the channel is deeper (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High energy current eroding the outer bend (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Slip off slope due to deposition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Energy levels decrease significantly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flat floodplains and deltas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shallower channel due to deposition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A flat area covered by river during floods (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lateral erosion leads to undercutting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A steep rock face formed on the outside bend of a river meander due to erosion by fast-flowing water.

A gently sloping area of sediments found on the inside bend of a river meander where deposition occurs.

A flat, low-lying area on either side of a river that is covered by the river during floods and contains alluvium deposits.

A narrow, V-shaped valley with steep sides, formed at the upper course of a river where the gradient is steep and the river flows rapidly.

The force of water eroding the river bed by direct impact and pressure.

Erosion caused by rock particles carried by the river, grinding and scraping against the river bed.

Chemical weathering of rocks by the river's water, dissolving and breaking them down.

Waterfalls occur when a river flows over hard rock that lies above softer rock, gradually undercutting the soft rock and creating a drop.

Rock that is harder and less easily eroded, often found at the base of waterfalls.

Rock that is easily eroded by the river, often found above the resistant rock in waterfalls.

The deep basin at the base of a waterfall, formed by the impact of falling water.

Rapid, turbulent water flow over steep, resistant rocks in a riverbed, caused by uneven erosion of soft and hard rocks.

Deep, narrow, and steep river valley formed by a retreating waterfall.

Ridges of hard rock projecting into a river valley, causing the river to bend and create a zig-zag pattern.

Rapids are formed when a river flows over alternating layers of hard and soft rocks. The softer rocks erode faster, leaving behind resistant rocks that cause the water to flow rapidly.

A plunge pool forms when falling water from a waterfall erodes the soft rock at the base, deepening the pool. Collapsing overhangs also contribute to the erosion.

A gorge is formed by the backward erosion of a waterfall. The waterfall undercuts the soft rock, causing the hard rock overhang to collapse and retreat upstream.

Interlocking spurs are formed when hard rock ridges on both sides of a river valley project into the river channel, causing the river to bend around them.

A low-lying area formed by a river overflowing its banks, depositing sediment, and building up over time. It often includes swampy areas.

A low-lying swampy plain formed at a river's mouth where it enters a sea or lake. It's created by the deposition of sediment, often forming land over time.

Conditions required for a delta to form include low tides, a constant supply of sediment, slow river velocity, shallow water, and a faster deposition rate than erosion.

Branches of a river that form within a delta as the river's main channel gets blocked by sediment deposition, causing the water to find new routes to the sea.

A delta shaped like an arc or a fan, characterized by coarse sediment, multiple distributaries, and a curving shape.

A body of water formed within a delta when a distributary is blocked off by sediment, creating a still water area.

A swampy area formed within a delta as a lagoon fills with sediment over time, creating a wet, muddy environment.

The process by which a delta gradually dries up, turning into land as sediment continues to fill in the swampy areas.

A delta with finger-like projections extending into the sea. It forms from fine sediments and has few river branches (distributaries).

Formed along a submerged river mouth due to strong wave action, causing sediments to spread evenly. It is partially submerged and has both salt and fresh water.

A river with multiple, interconnected channels separated by small islands (eyots) formed due to sediment deposition during low flow periods.

When a river has a high flow or volume, it carries a large amount of sediment. However, when the flow is low, it deposits the sediment, splitting the river into smaller channels.

A crescent-shaped lake formed when a meandering river erodes its outer bends and deposits sediment on its inner bends, eventually cutting off a loop of the river.

The process of erosion that happens sideways (along a river's bank) in a meandering river, primarily on the outer bend due to faster water flow.

Sediments are deposited on the inner bend of a meandering river where the water flows slower. This builds up the land on the inside of the bend.

Lateral erosion on the outer bend and deposition on the inner bend of a meander can create a narrow neck of land. Over time, this neck erodes away, cutting off the loop and creating an oxbow lake.

Meanders form as a river flows over a gentler gradient, depositing heavy sediment due to reduced energy. The river then flows around this obstacle, creating a winding path. Erosion on the outer bend and deposition on the inner bend further enhance this winding pattern.

Outer bend of a meander experiences faster flow, leading to erosion. Inner bends have slower water flow, causing deposition.

Potholes are circular depressions in a riverbed caused by spinning rocks. Water turbulence forces rocks to grind against the riverbed, gradually carving out these holes.

Potholes form when rocks, carried by flowing water, swirl in circular motion within uneven riverbeds. The grinding action of these spinning rocks creates the depressions.

Erosion that occurs downwards in a river channel, primarily responsible for the formation of V-shaped valleys.