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Questions and Answers
What is one common motivation for perpetrators of cyber threats?
What is one common motivation for perpetrators of cyber threats?
Which of the following is a best practice for managing threats within an IT infrastructure?
Which of the following is a best practice for managing threats within an IT infrastructure?
What is a threat/vulnerability pair?
What is a threat/vulnerability pair?
How can vulnerabilities be mitigated according to best practices?
How can vulnerabilities be mitigated according to best practices?
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What defines an exploit in the context of cybersecurity?
What defines an exploit in the context of cybersecurity?
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What does a threat represent in the context of risk management?
What does a threat represent in the context of risk management?
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What does the term 'security triad' refer to?
What does the term 'security triad' refer to?
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Which of the following is NOT a step in risk management?
Which of the following is NOT a step in risk management?
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Which action should be performed first when identifying risks?
Which action should be performed first when identifying risks?
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What is residual risk?
What is residual risk?
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Which choice is an acceptable way to handle risks?
Which choice is an acceptable way to handle risks?
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Why is a cost-benefit analysis important in risk management?
Why is a cost-benefit analysis important in risk management?
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What is the main goal of risk management?
What is the main goal of risk management?
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What is defined as a weakness within an organization that can lead to potential loss?
What is defined as a weakness within an organization that can lead to potential loss?
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Which of the following accurately defines a threat in risk management?
Which of the following accurately defines a threat in risk management?
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Which term best describes the measurable value of a company asset?
Which term best describes the measurable value of a company asset?
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What can be considered a consequence of compromising business functions?
What can be considered a consequence of compromising business functions?
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Which domain includes individuals like employees and contractors who can pose security risks?
Which domain includes individuals like employees and contractors who can pose security risks?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of business loss in risk management?
Which of the following is NOT a component of business loss in risk management?
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What type of malware is commonly associated with the workstation domain if not kept updated?
What type of malware is commonly associated with the workstation domain if not kept updated?
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How can organizations manage identified risks?
How can organizations manage identified risks?
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What type of value includes aspects that cannot be measured by cost, such as client confidence?
What type of value includes aspects that cannot be measured by cost, such as client confidence?
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Which domain serves as a connection point between the local area network and the wide area network?
Which domain serves as a connection point between the local area network and the wide area network?
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What plays a role in increasing business costs according to risk management principles?
What plays a role in increasing business costs according to risk management principles?
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What risk is primarily associated with the WAN domain?
What risk is primarily associated with the WAN domain?
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In a remote access domain, what technology is often used to provide secure connections for mobile workers?
In a remote access domain, what technology is often used to provide secure connections for mobile workers?
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Which domain emphasizes the importance of protecting each individual device within a network?
Which domain emphasizes the importance of protecting each individual device within a network?
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What is the primary function of servers in the System/Application Domain?
What is the primary function of servers in the System/Application Domain?
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Which domain could be exploited if an employee falls victim to a phishing attack?
Which domain could be exploited if an employee falls victim to a phishing attack?
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What is the risk that remains after steps have been taken to reduce it?
What is the risk that remains after steps have been taken to reduce it?
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Which technique is primarily used for risk management?
Which technique is primarily used for risk management?
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What type of threats are characterized by the absence of a specific perpetrator?
What type of threats are characterized by the absence of a specific perpetrator?
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Which category is NOT identified as a primary type of unintentional threat?
Which category is NOT identified as a primary type of unintentional threat?
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What action can be taken to reduce the impact of environmental threats?
What action can be taken to reduce the impact of environmental threats?
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What equation illustrates the relationship between risk, vulnerability, and threats?
What equation illustrates the relationship between risk, vulnerability, and threats?
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Which of the following is an intentional threat?
Which of the following is an intentional threat?
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What is the first step in risk management?
What is the first step in risk management?
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Study Notes
Risk Management Fundamentals
- Risk is the likelihood of a loss occurring when a threat exposes a vulnerability
- Organizations of all sizes face risks, some severe enough to cause business failure, others minor and easily accepted
- Key components of risk are threat, vulnerability, and loss
- Threat: Any activity representing a possible danger
- Vulnerability: A weakness in a system
- Loss: A compromise to business operations
- Risks to a business result in negative effects that can compromise business functions, assets, and overall costs
- Business function compromise examples: Sales capabilities reduced (e.g., phone or email), website attack resulting in lost sales
- Business asset compromise examples: Tangible assets (e.g., physical equipment) or intangible assets (e.g., client confidence), with potential value loss
- Driver of business costs examples: Implementing countermeasures or controls to manage risk (e.g., antivirus software)
IT Infrastructure Risk Components
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Examining typical IT infrastructure domains—seven domains
- User domain: Users, employees, contractors, consultants
- Workstation domain: End-user computers; susceptible to malware
- LAN domain (within firewall): Local area network; individual devices must be protected or all are at risk
- LAN-to-WAN domain: Connects LAN and WAN; LAN is trusted zone, WAN is untrusted
- Remote access domain: Access for remote workers; protected area between trusted zone and untrusted zone
- WAN domain (Internet): Untrusted zone with significant risk to public IP hosts
- System/application domain: Servers hosting applications like email and databases
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Attackers only need to exploit vulnerabilities in one domain to cause significant impact
Threats, Vulnerabilities, and Impact
- Threats exploit vulnerabilities resulting in loss; impact assesses severity of loss
- A threat is any circumstance or event with potential to cause loss; always present but can be controlled
- Threats are attempts to exploit vulnerabilities, resulting in loss of confidentiality, integrity, or availability of an asset
- Confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CIA) are key security objectives for information systems
Risk Management and Importance
- Risk management involves identifying, assessing, controlling, and mitigating risks
- Identifying relevant threats and vulnerabilities to the organization is crucial for reducing losses
- Risk management aims to identify risks and implement controls to minimize them
Risk Management Elements
- Risk assessment
- Identifying risks to manage
- Selecting controls
- Implementing and testing controls
- Evaluating controls
Identifying Risks
- To identify risks, identify threats and vulnerabilities
- Estimate the likelihood of threats exploiting vulnerabilities
Risk Management Techniques
- Choosing how to handle a risk: avoid, transfer, mitigate, or accept
- Cost-benefit analysis (CBA): Helps determine the best controls for implementation
Residual Risk
- Residual risk is the risk that remains after applying controls
Summary
- Risks occur when threats exploit vulnerabilities, impacting business functions, assets, and costs; risk management helps identify and reduce these risks
- Initial steps for risk management: Identify threats and vulnerabilities and pair to identify risk severity
Managing Risks
- Risk can be managed by avoiding, transferring, mitigating, or accepting the risk
- Risk mitigation is also known as risk reduction or risk treatment; vulnerabilities are reduced by implementing controls
Managing Threats
- Threats are part of the risk equation (Risk x Vulnerability = Threat)
- This section includes types of threats (unintentional, intentional)
- Unintentional threats (environmental, human errors, accidents) can be managed through insurance, error reduction, prevention, and avoidance.
- Intentional threats (greed, anger, desire to damage) are often motivated by these factors
Managing Vulnerabilities
- A vulnerability is a weakness in an asset or environment; can be a flaw in any system/business process.
- Vulnerabilities can be mitigated by reducing their occurrences/injuries or the resulting impact from them
- Mitigation techniques must consider their initial and ongoing costs
Exploits
- Exploits occur when threats leverage vulnerabilities
- An exploit is the act of exploiting a vulnerability by leveraging a vulnerability against a system
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Description
This quiz covers the essential components of risk management, including the definitions of threat, vulnerability, and loss. It discusses various types of risks organizations face and the implications on business functions and assets. Assess your understanding of how to manage risks effectively within an IT infrastructure.
