Risk and Resilience in Development

<p>Risk factors are external, while vulnerable factors are internal. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It represents a permanent loss and separation from a primary caregiver. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It demonstrates that children can thrive even when facing significant adversity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A history of trauma and neglect. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children can develop successfully despite facing significant challenges. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A moderator explains the interaction between a risk factor and protective/vulnerability factors, determining the impact on resilience. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social support network (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moderator effects models investigate the interaction between risk and protective/vulnerability factors influencing resilience, while main effects models examine the direct effect of protective/vulnerability factors on resilience in high-risk populations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Risk-focused, Asset-focused, and Process-oriented (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It encourages unhealthy competition and disregards individual strengths and needs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A defense mechanism students use to protect their self-esteem by lowering their effort in school. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Developmental Difference (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Supportive family relationships (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Specific language impairment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mapping the entire structure of human DNA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resilience can only be determined through a comprehensive assessment of social competence across various domains. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aggressive behavior that occurs repeatedly and involves an imbalance of power. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of language delay (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protective factors promote positive adaptation, while vulnerability factors impede it. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Being allowed to stay home and play video games (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Risk factors can be overcome by strong protective factors, leading to resilience. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To understand a child's focus and attention (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Developmental delay involves a slower pace of development, while developmental difference involves a different path of development. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhancing existing strengths and resources in a child's life. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Supportive relationships with teachers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strong social communication skills (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is considered a positive trait that reflects hard work and ambition. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Theory of mind hypothesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Building strong relationships and improving social competence. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To develop effective treatments and interventions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a combination of a child's personality traits and their environment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To identify children with intellectual disabilities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The development of language skills (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accessing enjoyable activities at home. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Removing something the child dislikes to stop the behavior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The difficulty understanding that others have different thoughts and feelings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It revealed the relatively small number of human genes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tendency to process information globally and contextually. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Impulsivity and hyperactivity interrupting their daily activities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It promotes social skills and communication development. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Struggle with inhibitory control and self-monitoring. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The environment the child experiences directly, such as family and school. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotional disturbances and conflicts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They lack normal visual input which alters their learning pathways. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They utilize non-visual forms of interaction, like touch. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It limits their capacity for social interaction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deliberately focusing on a shared object with another person. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The setting affecting the child, even if they are not directly involved. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inability to control time management effectively. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves large-scale societal factors like laws and values. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They find it difficult to learn written language due to lack of visual input. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social media use (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children of divorced parents with high levels of conflict (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intergenerational cycle of difficulties (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are often exposed to stressful events and financial hardship (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Depression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased aggression and bullying (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A family vacation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exposure to delinquent peers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cumulative risk theory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quantity of risk factors is more important than type (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Academic performance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of negative life events a child has experienced (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The frequency of exposure to the risk factor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To predict individual children's risk of experiencing negative outcomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Discrimination and prejudice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exposure to traumatic experiences and witnessing atrocities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>punitive and restorative (A), reactive and preventative (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cyberbullying often involves a wider audience. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased opportunities for physical activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To teach bullies empathy and remorse (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>School refusal involves a strong aversion to school, while truancy involves intermittent absence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Focusing on repairing the harm caused by bullying (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because victims often feel isolated and ostracized by their peers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individuals with oppositional defiant disorder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Teaching students about bullying and how to respond to it (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide immediate intervention and address bullying incidents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bullying that is directed at a specific group of people, not individuals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To teach students how to stand up for themselves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute school refusers have a history of good attendance before refusing school (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To use peer pressure to discourage bullying behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To investigate bullying incidents and develop solutions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Imposing direct sanctions on bullies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Stressors affecting children's development, like poverty or poor upbringing.

The ability of children to achieve positive outcomes despite significant risks.

Studied children of parents with mental disorders to find resilience.

Longitudinal study on Hawaiian children's resilience over 40 years despite risks.

Catastrophic events or conditions that increase vulnerability in children.

Elements that reduce children's vulnerability to adverse conditions.

The trauma of losing a parent, significantly impacting a child's development.

Characteristics that increase the likelihood of negative outcomes in adversity.

Characteristics that may increase an individual's risk of negative outcomes.

Individual traits like gender, intelligence, and temperament affecting resilience.

Features of the family environment that influence a child's ability to cope.

Support from friends, schools, and communities that aids resilience.

The way protective and vulnerability factors influence resilience together.

A model examining the direct impact of factors on resilience.

Effects that describe how protective factors interact with risk factors.

Factors that contribute positively to resilience in high-risk populations.

Factors explaining the relationship between risk and outcomes instead of showing direct impact.

Results of resilience research shown in competence or maladjustment.

Interventions aimed at reducing risks faced by children.

Programs to enhance positive traits and resources in children.

Interventions improving important adjustment systems for children.

Aggressive behavior characterized by repetition and power imbalance.

When parents separate or divorce, impacting children's well-being.

Children in single-parent families face higher psychological and social issues.

Children of divorced parents often face relationship issues in adulthood.

Child mistreatment leads to negative developmental outcomes.

Parents' mental health issues can affect children's behavior and emotions.

Poverty increases risks of poor health and academic performance in children.

Life changes can impact both parents and children's emotional well-being.

A child’s environment affects their development and exposure to risks.

Discrimination and prejudice can negatively impact child's development.

Severe occurrences can lead to lasting psychological effects on children.

The combined effect of multiple risks is greater than single risks.

Each risk factor has unique effects on children's outcomes.

A tool to measure children's emotional and behavioral difficulties.

Measures stress from life events influencing children.

Children suffering from multiple parental issues face greater challenges.

Various forms of bullying include physical bullying, verbal bullying, and cyberbullying.

Harassment and ridicule of individuals via the internet or digital platforms.

Bullying based on a victim's group identity, such as race or gender.

Victims often experience anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and in severe cases, suicidal thoughts.

Social acceptance of violence and bullying within a community.

Programs aimed at increasing self-esteem and helping individuals deal with bullying.

Small student groups aiming to solve bullying through data collection and discussion.

Consequences imposed after bullying incidents to deter future behavior.

A strategy focusing on making bullies aware of their impact on victims.

School refusal is linked to anxiety, whereas truancy is sporadic non-attendance without reason.

Children who suddenly refuse school after years of good attendance.

Students whose refusal to attend school is ongoing and often linked to psychological issues.

A condition in which individuals fear being away from their parents or safe environments.

Programs focusing on emotional skills and understanding bullying dynamics.

A technique to help bullies understand the impact of their behavior without punishment.

Cognitive processes that help manage thoughts and actions, like inhibiting responses and mental flexibility.

Theory suggesting individuals with autism struggle to integrate information into a cohesive whole.

A social interaction where two people focus on the same object or event together.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention.

A component of executive functions focusing on the ability to control impulses and distractions.

Development that does not follow the typical trajectory, often seen in various disorders like autism or blindness.

Bronfenbrenner's framework showing how different environmental factors influence child development.

Immediate environment experienced directly by the child, such as family and school.

Connections between different microsystems, how various environments interact with each other.

Settings where the child is not directly involved but can still influence their development.

Cultural values, laws, and societal beliefs that shape a child's environment.

Historical influences that affect development over time and how these evolve.

Blind children develop connections through non-visual means like touch and sound.

Excessive energy and impulsiveness, often observed in children with ADHD.

Studies show that early interventions improve outcomes for children with autism, especially in joint attention.

When a child avoids attending school due to various reasons.

Behavioral strategy where avoiding something unpleasant increases the likelihood of that behavior.

When a behavior is followed by a rewarding outcome, making it more likely to occur again.

A slower but normal path of development when compared to peers.

Qualitatively different pattern of development, such as a disability.

Development of a child's vocabulary and word usage.

A developmental disorder caused by deletion of chromosome 7, involving cognitive and language strengths.

Research project aimed at mapping all human genes.

A technique used to observe where a child focuses visually, especially useful for non-verbal babies.

Language development difficulty in both production and comprehension without other developmental abnormalities.

A developmental disorder marked by social interaction limitations and repetitive behaviors.

Hypothesis suggesting individuals with autism struggle to understand others' thoughts and feelings.

Hypothesis suggesting that people with autism may have challenges in executive functioning skills.

An assessment tool used to measure a child's performance compared to peers.