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What are the conditions that allowed dictators to rise to power?
Economic instability, political unrest, and social discontent.
Who were the dictators that gained power and where were they located?
Hitler in Germany, Mussolini in Italy, and Hirohito in Japan.
Which dictatorship was known as a 'puppet dictatorship' because of its emperor?
The Japanese dictatorship.
Which of the dictators was an 'enemy' of the US, but an ally during WWII?
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How did dictators gain and maintain their power?
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Who was the main dictator who was not removed as a result of WWII?
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What is the definition of appeasement?
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How did the League of Nations and the countries of the world react to aggression from Germany, Italy, and Japan?
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How is the Munich Pact an example of appeasement?
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Who are the three Axis Powers?
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What country did Hitler invade using blitzkrieg to cause the outbreak of WWII?
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Which country was able to withstand German bombing due to the use of radar?
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What position did the US take in the beginning of the war? Why?
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How did American attitudes about the war change over time?
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What is meant by neutrality?
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What two programs provided aid for European countries at war even though the US was officially neutral?
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Why did the Japanese decide to attack the United States?
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What effect did the attack on Pearl Harbor have on America? How did it impact public opinion and foreign policy?
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How did the outbreak of war impact FDR’s decision to run for a third term as president?
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How did the entry into WWII impact the US economy?
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Why did women and minorities make economic gains during WWII?
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What is rationing? Why was it done? What were some items that were rationed?
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Who became the symbol for women in the workforce?
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What did the Manhattan Project create?
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How did the Supreme Court respond to Japanese Internment in the case Korematsu v. US?
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Explain the 'Double V' campaign.
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What happened to Japanese Americans during WWII? Why did it happen?
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Which Allied nation was overtaken by the Germans in 1940 and occupied until D-Day in 1945?
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Why did the US join an alliance with the Soviet Union, a country which we saw as an enemy before the war?
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What did the leaders of the Allied Powers decide at the Yalta Conference?
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What part of China was invaded by the Japanese in 1937, before WWII officially began?
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What is meant by island hopping?
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What happened as a result of Executive Order 9066? Why did this happen?
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Which battle is known as a turning point because the Japanese navy would not fully recover?
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Why did the US decide to drop the bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki?
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What happened at the Nuremberg Trials?
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What is the Nuremberg Principle?
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What were people charged with in the war crimes trials?
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Be able to show a basic understanding of the progression of the Holocaust.
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Study Notes
Rise of Dictators
- Dictators were able to rise to power due to economic hardship, political instability, and a fear of communism.
- Dictators included Adolf Hitler in Germany, Benito Mussolini in Italy, and Emperor Hirohito of Japan.
- Emperor Hirohito's was seen as a "puppet dictatorship" even if he was a figurehead.
- Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union was an ally to the US during WWII, even though he was seen as an enemy prior.
- Dictators used force, propaganda, and promises of unity and prosperity to gain power.
- Stalin was the only major dictator who remained in power after WWII.
Beginning of the War
- Appeasement is a policy of granting concessions to an aggressor in the hope of avoiding conflict.
- The League of Nations and other countries failed to stop the aggression of Germany, Italy, and Japan due to appeasement and a fear of war.
- The Munich Pact, where Britain and France gave Hitler the Sudetenland, is an example of appeasement.
- The Axis powers included Germany, Italy, and Japan, who formed an alliance in 1939.
- Hitler invaded Poland using blitzkrieg, a military strategy of rapid attack and movement, causing the outbreak of WWII.
- Britain was able to withstand German bombing due to their use of radar.
American Involvement
- The US took a neutral stance at the beginning of the war due to a desire to avoid involvement in another European affair, the belief that the war was mainly between European countries, and public pressure to stay out of war.
- American attitudes towards the war shifted over time due to the rise of fascism in Europe, the German invasion of Poland, and the threat posed by the Axis powers.
- Neutrality refers to a policy of non-participation in a conflict.
- The US implemented the Lend-Lease Act and the Cash-and-Carry policy to aid European countries at war.
- Japan's attack on the US was a strategy to secure resources and prevent US interference with their expansion in Asia.
- The attack on Pearl Harbor shocked the American public and led to increased support for war.
- The entry of the US into WWII influenced FDR's decision to seek a third term as president.
- WWII had a significant impact on the US economy, leading to increased industrial production and employment, and the establishment of a wartime economy.
- Women and minorities made economic gains during WWII due to labor shortages, leading to increased opportunities in the workforce.
- Rationing was a policy of limiting the consumption of certain goods during wartime to ensure adequate resources for the war effort. Rationed items included food, gasoline, and materials like rubber.
- Rosie the Riveter emerged as a symbol of women engaged in the workforce during WWII.
- The Manhattan Project was a top-secret research and development project to create the atomic bomb.
- The Supreme Court upheld the legality of Japanese Internment in the case of Korematsu v. U.S, arguing that it was justified by national security concerns.
- The "Double V" campaign highlighted a desire for victory in the war and victory over racism.
- Japanese Americans suffered widespread discrimination and internment during WWII due to racial prejudice and fear of espionage.
The War in Europe
- France was overtaken by the Germans in 1940 and was occupied until D-Day in 1945.
- The US formed an alliance with the Soviet Union to defeat the Axis powers despite a long-standing history of Cold War tension.
- The Yalta Conference was a meeting between the leaders of the Allied Powers where they decided on postwar plans.
The War in the Pacific
- Japan invaded Manchuria, a region in China, in 1937, initiating a conflict that would eventually lead to WWII.
- Island hopping was a strategy used by the US to conquer Japanese-held islands in the Pacific, advancing towards the Japanese mainland.
- Executive Order 9066 led to the internment of Japanese Americans during WWII due to racial prejudice and fear of espionage.
- The Battle of Midway is considered a turning point in the Pacific War, as the Japanese navy suffered significant losses.
- The US decided to drop the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, aiming to force Japan's unconditional surrender, avoid further casualties, and potentially end the war sooner.
The Holocaust
- The Nuremberg Trials were a series of military tribunals held after WWII where Nazi leaders were tried for war crimes, crimes against humanity, and crimes against peace.
- The Nuremberg Principles were established as a set of legal guidelines for prosecuting individuals responsible for war crimes.
- Defendants in the war crimes trials were charged with crimes such as genocide, human experimentation, and forced labor.
- Students should understand the progression of the Holocaust, from the rise of Nazi ideology and anti-Semitism to the implementation of the Final Solution and the systematic murder of millions of Jews, as well as other persecuted groups.
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Description
This quiz explores the factors leading to the rise of dictators prior to World War II, focusing on Hitler, Mussolini, and Stalin among others. It also covers the policy of appeasement and how it affected the onset of the war. Test your knowledge on these critical historical events and figures!
