Rise of Dictators and WWII Overview
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Questions and Answers

What are the conditions that allowed dictators to rise to power?

Economic instability, political unrest, and social discontent.

Who were the dictators that gained power and where were they located?

Hitler in Germany, Mussolini in Italy, and Hirohito in Japan.

Which dictatorship was known as a 'puppet dictatorship' because of its emperor?

The Japanese dictatorship.

Which of the dictators was an 'enemy' of the US, but an ally during WWII?

<p>Joseph Stalin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did dictators gain and maintain their power?

<p>Through propaganda, repression, and control of the military.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the main dictator who was not removed as a result of WWII?

<p>Joseph Stalin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of appeasement?

<p>The policy of making concessions to an aggressive power to avoid conflict.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the League of Nations and the countries of the world react to aggression from Germany, Italy, and Japan?

<p>They largely failed to take effective action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the Munich Pact an example of appeasement?

<p>It allowed Nazi Germany to annex part of Czechoslovakia to prevent war.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are the three Axis Powers?

<p>Germany, Italy, and Japan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What country did Hitler invade using blitzkrieg to cause the outbreak of WWII?

<p>Poland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country was able to withstand German bombing due to the use of radar?

<p>Britain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What position did the US take in the beginning of the war? Why?

<p>Neutrality, to avoid being drawn into international conflicts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did American attitudes about the war change over time?

<p>They shifted from isolationism to support for involvement after the attack on Pearl Harbor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by neutrality?

<p>The state of not supporting or helping either side in a conflict.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two programs provided aid for European countries at war even though the US was officially neutral?

<p>Lend-Lease Act and Cash and Carry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did the Japanese decide to attack the United States?

<p>To weaken the US Pacific Fleet and to secure access to resources in Southeast Asia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect did the attack on Pearl Harbor have on America? How did it impact public opinion and foreign policy?

<p>It rallied the nation to support war efforts and led to an official declaration of war.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the outbreak of war impact FDR’s decision to run for a third term as president?

<p>It led him to prioritize national security, convincing him to seek a third term.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the entry into WWII impact the US economy?

<p>It stimulated production and reduced unemployment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did women and minorities make economic gains during WWII?

<p>Due to labor shortages and demand for workers in factories and war industries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is rationing? Why was it done? What were some items that were rationed?

<p>Rationing is limiting the amount of certain goods people can buy; it was done to ensure fair distribution during shortages. Items rationed included food, gasoline, and rubber.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who became the symbol for women in the workforce?

<p>Rosie the Riveter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Manhattan Project create?

<p>The atomic bomb.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Supreme Court respond to Japanese Internment in the case Korematsu v. US?

<p>The Court upheld the internment as a wartime necessity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the 'Double V' campaign.

<p>A campaign advocating for victory against fascism abroad and racial discrimination at home.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happened to Japanese Americans during WWII? Why did it happen?

<p>Many were forcibly interned in camps due to fears of espionage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Allied nation was overtaken by the Germans in 1940 and occupied until D-Day in 1945?

<p>France.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did the US join an alliance with the Soviet Union, a country which we saw as an enemy before the war?

<p>To combat the greater threat posed by Nazi Germany.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the leaders of the Allied Powers decide at the Yalta Conference?

<p>To discuss post-war reorganization and the division of Germany.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of China was invaded by the Japanese in 1937, before WWII officially began?

<p>Manchuria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by island hopping?

<p>A military strategy of selectively attacking specific islands in the Pacific.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happened as a result of Executive Order 9066? Why did this happen?

<p>Japanese Americans were interned in camps due to perceived security risks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which battle is known as a turning point because the Japanese navy would not fully recover?

<p>The Battle of Midway.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did the US decide to drop the bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki?

<p>To bring a swift end to the war and avoid a costly invasion of Japan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happened at the Nuremberg Trials?

<p>Nazi leaders were held accountable for war crimes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Nuremberg Principle?

<p>The principle that individuals are responsible for their actions during war crimes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were people charged with in the war crimes trials?

<p>Crimes against humanity, war crimes, and genocide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Be able to show a basic understanding of the progression of the Holocaust.

<p>The Holocaust involved the systematic extermination of six million Jews and millions of others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Rise of Dictators

  • Dictators were able to rise to power due to economic hardship, political instability, and a fear of communism.
  • Dictators included Adolf Hitler in Germany, Benito Mussolini in Italy, and Emperor Hirohito of Japan.
  • Emperor Hirohito's was seen as a "puppet dictatorship" even if he was a figurehead.
  • Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union was an ally to the US during WWII, even though he was seen as an enemy prior.
  • Dictators used force, propaganda, and promises of unity and prosperity to gain power.
  • Stalin was the only major dictator who remained in power after WWII.

Beginning of the War

  • Appeasement is a policy of granting concessions to an aggressor in the hope of avoiding conflict.
  • The League of Nations and other countries failed to stop the aggression of Germany, Italy, and Japan due to appeasement and a fear of war.
  • The Munich Pact, where Britain and France gave Hitler the Sudetenland, is an example of appeasement.
  • The Axis powers included Germany, Italy, and Japan, who formed an alliance in 1939.
  • Hitler invaded Poland using blitzkrieg, a military strategy of rapid attack and movement, causing the outbreak of WWII.
  • Britain was able to withstand German bombing due to their use of radar.

American Involvement

  • The US took a neutral stance at the beginning of the war due to a desire to avoid involvement in another European affair, the belief that the war was mainly between European countries, and public pressure to stay out of war.
  • American attitudes towards the war shifted over time due to the rise of fascism in Europe, the German invasion of Poland, and the threat posed by the Axis powers.
  • Neutrality refers to a policy of non-participation in a conflict.
  • The US implemented the Lend-Lease Act and the Cash-and-Carry policy to aid European countries at war.
  • Japan's attack on the US was a strategy to secure resources and prevent US interference with their expansion in Asia.
  • The attack on Pearl Harbor shocked the American public and led to increased support for war.
  • The entry of the US into WWII influenced FDR's decision to seek a third term as president.
  • WWII had a significant impact on the US economy, leading to increased industrial production and employment, and the establishment of a wartime economy.
  • Women and minorities made economic gains during WWII due to labor shortages, leading to increased opportunities in the workforce.
  • Rationing was a policy of limiting the consumption of certain goods during wartime to ensure adequate resources for the war effort. Rationed items included food, gasoline, and materials like rubber.
  • Rosie the Riveter emerged as a symbol of women engaged in the workforce during WWII.
  • The Manhattan Project was a top-secret research and development project to create the atomic bomb.
  • The Supreme Court upheld the legality of Japanese Internment in the case of Korematsu v. U.S, arguing that it was justified by national security concerns.
  • The "Double V" campaign highlighted a desire for victory in the war and victory over racism.
  • Japanese Americans suffered widespread discrimination and internment during WWII due to racial prejudice and fear of espionage.

The War in Europe

  • France was overtaken by the Germans in 1940 and was occupied until D-Day in 1945.
  • The US formed an alliance with the Soviet Union to defeat the Axis powers despite a long-standing history of Cold War tension.
  • The Yalta Conference was a meeting between the leaders of the Allied Powers where they decided on postwar plans.

The War in the Pacific

  • Japan invaded Manchuria, a region in China, in 1937, initiating a conflict that would eventually lead to WWII.
  • Island hopping was a strategy used by the US to conquer Japanese-held islands in the Pacific, advancing towards the Japanese mainland.
  • Executive Order 9066 led to the internment of Japanese Americans during WWII due to racial prejudice and fear of espionage.
  • The Battle of Midway is considered a turning point in the Pacific War, as the Japanese navy suffered significant losses.
  • The US decided to drop the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, aiming to force Japan's unconditional surrender, avoid further casualties, and potentially end the war sooner.

The Holocaust

  • The Nuremberg Trials were a series of military tribunals held after WWII where Nazi leaders were tried for war crimes, crimes against humanity, and crimes against peace.
  • The Nuremberg Principles were established as a set of legal guidelines for prosecuting individuals responsible for war crimes.
  • Defendants in the war crimes trials were charged with crimes such as genocide, human experimentation, and forced labor.
  • Students should understand the progression of the Holocaust, from the rise of Nazi ideology and anti-Semitism to the implementation of the Final Solution and the systematic murder of millions of Jews, as well as other persecuted groups.

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Description

This quiz explores the factors leading to the rise of dictators prior to World War II, focusing on Hitler, Mussolini, and Stalin among others. It also covers the policy of appeasement and how it affected the onset of the war. Test your knowledge on these critical historical events and figures!

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