Rights and Responsibilities

Rights and Responsibilities

• Study, understand, and analyze human, moral, legal, and political rights.
• Consider the duties, equalities, and freedoms of citizens on a universal scale.

Moral Rights

• Expectations family members have of each other mostly govern behaviour within a family.
• Children expect help and support from parents.
• Parents expect help with housework from children.
• Unmet expectations lead to arguments.
• At school, certain actions and behaviors are expected.
• Learners expect interesting and well-organized lessons from teachers.
• Teachers expect learners to listen.
• Moral rights differ from legal rights, as there is no law against ignoring a teacher.
• Classroom relationships can quickly deteriorate without listening and little progress will result.
• Rights come with duties or responsibilities.
• Rights require the exercise of duties and/or responsibilities for fairness.
• Treating others as one would like to be treated is a 'Golden Rule.'
• 'Golden Rule' stems from reciprocity, a foundation for positive human behavior.

Moral vs Legal Rights

• Moral rights: Expectations in particular situations; parents expect teachers to contact them if their child misbehaves.
• Legal rights: Expectations supported by law; children expect education, so laws mandate parents arrange education.
• Reciprocity: Giving something in return is expecting generous and considerate behavior from others.
• Trade agreements are often based on reciprocity.
• Most schools formalize rights and duties in a Home/School Agreement.
• Teachers are responsible for teaching good lessons, assigning suitable classwork and homework, and marking/returning work promptly.
• Parents are responsible for checking their children’s homework and taking an active interest in it being completed.
• Learners are responsible for listening to teachers, working hard, keeping careful records of homework tasks, and handing homework in on time.

Human Rights

• Governments make laws to protect people's rights and regulate people's duties.
• Human rights are rights people obtain simply by being human.
• These rights are universal, applying to all people regardless of location and are same for everyone.
• Human rights descriptions relate to moral behavior and reasonable expectations of treatment.
• National laws require all citizens to respect human rights.
• Rights can only be removed when ignoring other people's rights, and only then through legal processes.
• Fundamental rights apply to all humans regardless of nationality, residence, sex, origin, color, religion, language, or status.
• Everyone has the right to human rights without discrimination.
• Rights are interrelated; denying one right can negatively affect others.
• International human rights define government duties to promote/protect citizens' rights/freedoms.

Constitution of Medina (622 CE)

• One of the first recorded declarations of human rights
• Declared by the Islamic prophet Muhammad and based on freedom, justice, and equality.
• 63 articles outlined rights and privileges for all citizens of Medina (now Saudi Arabia) and for non-Muslims in return for certain duties.
• Key points: protection for all, peace, freedom of religion, and equality.

Magna Carta (1215)

• "Magna Carta" means 'Great Charter' in Latin.
• Agreement that King John and English barons signed.
• Barons had wealthy land granted to them by king in return for being loyal.
• King John's army defeated by the French in 1214 which leaves the barons not trusting of him.
• King wanted barons to pay more taxes, so they rebelled and captured London.
• By spring 1215 both forces made a peace agreement resulting in the Magna Carta.
• Result was that there were clearer rules for the Kings relationship with the English people.
• King agreed to obey laws instead of acting as he wanted.
• The Magna Carta has 63 clauses, majority of which address concerns with King John's rule.
• 2 clauses were important over 800 years.
• Magna Carta stated that everyone including royalty must be subject to law.
• This principle is called the Rule of Law which is a key part of modern English law.
• Helps safeguard citizens from abuse of power.
• "Rule of Law": everyone must obey the law.
• Applies to politicians, police, judges and ordinary citizens.
• If anyone breaks the law, they will be punished in the same way as everyone else.
• Clauses 39 and 40 gave "free men" the right to fair trial.
• "No free man shall be seized or imprisoned or stripped of his rights or possessions, or outlawed or exiled, or deprived of his standing in any other way....."
• "We will not sell, or deny, or delay right or justice to anyone."
• Magna Carta principles are core of the United States Bill of Rights (1791) and influenced the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and the European Convention on Human Rights (1950).
• Human rights declarations and conventions have built upon the Magna Carta.
• Magna Carta states laws should be fair and apply equally.
• The basis of human rights is respect for each person's life and dignity.
• Human rights do not have to be bought, earned or inherited.
• Human rights belong to people simply because they are human.
• Each person is responsible to protect and promote human rights.

Human Rights Today

• Study the main provisions of:
  • the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights
  • the European Convention on Human Rights
  • the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child
  • the 1998 Human Rights Act.
• Understand their importance in protecting rights, equalities and freedoms.
• Evaluate government actions globally in protecting rights, equalities and freedoms.
• Over 80 million people died and many others became refugees during the Second World War (1939-45).
• World leaders wanted to prevent further conflict.
• They agreed that people's rights should be safeguarded in whichever country they lived.
• United Nations founded in 1945 to promote cooperation between nations.
• Refugee: A person who seeks protection in another country due to danger or discrimination at home.

UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)

• United Nations (UN) founded in 1945 as an international organization.
• Made up of 193 member states.
• UN created forum that states can express their views, find agreemeents, and solve problems.
• UN acts on any issues confronting humanity.
• One of UN's first tasks after WW2 was to create the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
• UN sets out the individual human rights, equalities, and freedoms that all governments have a duty to protect and promote.
• Provides a way to evaluate every government's rights record, however UN unable to turn its declarations into law.
• Article 1 of the Declaration states all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.
• Everyone has reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
• The other 29 Articles from the Declaration include:
  • Right to life, liberty and security. (Article 2)
  • No one shall be subject to torture or degrading treatment or punishment. (Article 5)
  • All are equal before the law. (Article 7)
  • Right to seek and enjoy asylum from persecution in other countries. (Article 14)
  • Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses. (Article 16)
  • Right to freedom of opinion and expression. (Article 19)
  • Right to education. (Article 26)
• Asylum*: Protection provided by a state for someone who has left their country as a political refugee.

The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1990)

• UN Convention made as people under 18 often requires care and protection that adults need.
• United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child encourages world governments to consider children as humans with health and care, protection, participation in their society, and education and play.
• To date, 196 countries have signed it and it is bound by international law.
• Every five years, governments give the United Nations of report on how effective their upholding the rights being in the Convention.
• UN Committee on the Rights of the Child keeps track on progress and holds governments responsible if children's rights under threat.
• It does not have the power to punish the governments for making poor progress.
• Every child has the right to life and good quality health care.
• Children should have clean water, nutritious food, and healthy environments.
• Governments should help families that cannot afford decent living standards for their children.
• Disabled children have special care and education.
• The right to life, health and care includes that Children should not be separated from their parents unless it is for their own good.
• If parents do decide to live apart, kids have the right to stay in contact with their parents.
• Families live live in different countries, they have the right to get back together and live in the same place.
• The right to protection consists of Governments being responsible protect all children from violence, abuse and neglect.
• Kids under 16 should not take part in war or conflict.
• Children who are being asylum seekers/refugees seekers have the right to special protection and have the same rights as other children that were born in that said country.
• The right to protectionChildren should not be allowed to do work that makes them ill, or stops them from going to school.
• Children have a right to be protected from dangerous drugs, and from the business of making or selling drugs, and shouldn't be punished by humiliation.
• All children have the right to give their opinions when adults are making decision that will effect them and those opinions should be taking seriously.
• The right to find and express things through speaking writing, drawing, or by any unless it interferes with others, as we as think and believe what they want and to practice religion.
• Children have the right to meet and join clubs, right to have privacy as well as information from Tv, Radio, and etc given they can understand it.
• Children have the right to education that supports parents, talent and mental and physical abilities.
• It also prepares them to live peacefully as well as respectfully towards parents cultures nature, and wide activities.

Government acts to protect children's rights in the UK

• Government recognizes the importance of mass media and will encourage material as long as guidelines is in place.
• States will take action towards all appropriate measures to protect children from harm from sexual explantation, abuse, and pornographic content.
• Government took steps to make media better and placed the Online Safety Bill for parliament.
• Which now made media providers improve children's media safety and passed through Parliament and became Act 2016. In 2022 Government took steps to protect children online.

The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) 1950

• The Council of Europe made it based on the Declaration of Human Rights.
• All countries have the duty to makes sure the rights and freedoms are there.
• Everyone can protect their life with self defense being only acceptable reason to take a life.
• Everyone is free from torture or suffering inhumane acts against them.
• No one should be held as slavery and be forced to force labor.
• The right to be detained and everyone under arrest should know the reason.
• The right to have trial in a reasonable period of time, as we can be innocent to proven guilty.
• No one should found guilty for offense that was a crime to time it was done and what was the punishment.
• Everyone has respect for private and family and the rights can be interfered with at moments.
• Everyone should be free and have views if needed but they can be restricted in certain circumstances.
• The freedom to express to opinions but can be limit in protection in public.
• Getting together is for trade union but can have restrictions for law.
• The right to marry with women and meant can happen can happen whenever it can take place.
• States sign but must provide effective public to deprived rights.
• Right cannot be discriminations on grounds such as sex. language religion or birth.
• Not be deprived of possessions.
• Shall not be be denied for the rights of education for parent follow ensure the child for own beliefs. Free an fair elections , can't condemned to death.