Richard Bellman, Herbert Simon, and Brains Processing Information

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Who was the first to develop an informal system of syllogisms for proper reasoning?

Ramon Lull

Thomas Hobbes

Leonardo da Vinci

Aristotle (correct)

Which philosopher proposed that reasoning was similar to numerical computation, involving addition and subtraction in thoughts?

Ramon Lull

Leibniz

Thomas Hobbes (correct)

René Descartes

Who built the first known calculating machine that could perform multiplication and division before Pascal's adding machine?

Leonardo da Vinci

Blaise Pascal

Ramon Lull

Wilhelm Schickard (correct)

Around 1500, which individual designed but did not build a functional mechanical calculator?

Leonardo da Vinci Signup and view all the answers

In his 1651 book Leviathan, who suggested the idea of an 'artificial animal'?

Thomas Hobbes Signup and view all the answers

Who gave the first clear discussion of the distinction between mind and matter?

René Descartes Signup and view all the answers

Who formalized a class of sequential decision problems called Markov decision processes?

Richard Bellman Signup and view all the answers

For what did Herbert Simon win the Nobel Prize in economics in 1978?

Showing that models based on satisficing describe human behavior better Signup and view all the answers

Who demonstrated the existence of localized areas of the brain responsible for specific cognitive functions?

Paul Broca Signup and view all the answers

Who developed a staining technique allowing the observation of individual neurons in the brain?

Santiago Ramon y Cajal Signup and view all the answers

Who was the first to apply mathematical models to the study of the nervous system?

Nicolas Rashevsky Signup and view all the answers

What does neuroscience primarily study?

The nervous system, particularly the brain Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed a model of artificial neurons characterized as being 'on' or 'off', with a switch to 'on' occurring in response to stimulation by neighboring neurons?

Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the hybrid field that intersects modern linguistics and AI?

Computational linguistics Signup and view all the answers

Who demonstrated a simple updating rule for modifying the connection strengths between neurons, leading to an influential learning model known as 'Hebbian learning'?

Donald Hebb Signup and view all the answers

Which pair of individuals built SNARC, the first neural network computer, in 1950?

Marvin Minsky and Dean Edmonds Signup and view all the answers

When were Chomsky's syntactic models based on the Indian linguist Panini developed?

Around 350 B.C. Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to the model proposed by Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts that showed that any computable function could be computed by some network of connected neurons?

Artificial neurons model Signup and view all the answers

What were some of the problems that Minsky and colleagues at MIT worked on during the early enthusiasm period (1952-1969)?

Closed-form calculus integration problems Signup and view all the answers

Who enhanced Hebb's learning methods in the 1960s?

Bernie Widrow and Rosenblatt Signup and view all the answers

What happened to the early AI systems when they were tried on wider selections of problems and more difficult problems?

They failed miserably Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of Machine Translation (MT) that was funded by the U.S. National Research Council?

Speeding up the translation of Russian scientific papers Signup and view all the answers

What famous saying was retranslated humorously during an advisory report on Machine Translation?

"The vodka is good but the meat is rotten" Signup and view all the answers

Who proved the perceptron convergence theorem?

Rosenblatt Signup and view all the answers

According to Haugeland (1985), what did he mean by 'machines with minds'?

Machines that can think and reason like humans. Signup and view all the answers

Based on Bellman (1978), what activities are associated with human thinking in the context of automation?

Decision-making, problem-solving, and learning. Signup and view all the answers

What does Charniak and McDermott (1985) refer to as the study of mental faculties?

The study of computational models. Signup and view all the answers

According to Winston (1992), what computations are studied in the context of perceiving, reasoning, and acting?

Computations that make it possible to perceive, reason, and act. Signup and view all the answers

How did Kurzweil (1990) define the art of creating machines?

Creating machines that perform functions requiring intelligence when done by people. Signup and view all the answers

'Computational Intelligence' as defined by Poole et al. (1998) involves the design of what?

Design of intelligent agents for various tasks. Signup and view all the answers

Richard Bellman, Herbert Simon, and Brains Processing Information

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Questions and Answers

Who was the first to develop an informal system of syllogisms for proper reasoning?

Which philosopher proposed that reasoning was similar to numerical computation, involving addition and subtraction in thoughts?

Who built the first known calculating machine that could perform multiplication and division before Pascal's adding machine?

Around 1500, which individual designed but did not build a functional mechanical calculator?

In his 1651 book Leviathan, who suggested the idea of an 'artificial animal'?

Who gave the first clear discussion of the distinction between mind and matter?

Who formalized a class of sequential decision problems called Markov decision processes?

For what did Herbert Simon win the Nobel Prize in economics in 1978?

Who demonstrated the existence of localized areas of the brain responsible for specific cognitive functions?

Who developed a staining technique allowing the observation of individual neurons in the brain?

Who was the first to apply mathematical models to the study of the nervous system?

What does neuroscience primarily study?

Who proposed a model of artificial neurons characterized as being 'on' or 'off', with a switch to 'on' occurring in response to stimulation by neighboring neurons?

What is the term used to describe the hybrid field that intersects modern linguistics and AI?

Who demonstrated a simple updating rule for modifying the connection strengths between neurons, leading to an influential learning model known as 'Hebbian learning'?

Which pair of individuals built SNARC, the first neural network computer, in 1950?

When were Chomsky's syntactic models based on the Indian linguist Panini developed?

What is the name given to the model proposed by Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts that showed that any computable function could be computed by some network of connected neurons?

What were some of the problems that Minsky and colleagues at MIT worked on during the early enthusiasm period (1952-1969)?

Who enhanced Hebb's learning methods in the 1960s?

What happened to the early AI systems when they were tried on wider selections of problems and more difficult problems?

What was the focus of Machine Translation (MT) that was funded by the U.S. National Research Council?

What famous saying was retranslated humorously during an advisory report on Machine Translation?

Who proved the perceptron convergence theorem?

According to Haugeland (1985), what did he mean by 'machines with minds'?

Based on Bellman (1978), what activities are associated with human thinking in the context of automation?

What does Charniak and McDermott (1985) refer to as the study of mental faculties?

According to Winston (1992), what computations are studied in the context of perceiving, reasoning, and acting?

How did Kurzweil (1990) define the art of creating machines?

'Computational Intelligence' as defined by Poole et al. (1998) involves the design of what?

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