40 Questions
The United States economy took a hit due to our dependence on foreign ______.
oil
In 1977, ______ Carter (Democrat) took office as the 39th President of the U.S.
Jimmy
Carter created the Department of ______ and urged Americans to develop alternative energy sources.
Energy
The economy still was hindered by ______- high unemployment and high inflation.
stagflation
Carter signed the ______ Canal Treaty which stated America would turn over control of the canal to Panama by the year 2000.
Panama
After the Soviets invaded ______, the Soviet-U.S. relationship grew tense.
Afghanistan
The ______ was a Christian organization that supported socially conservative norms and worked to get Ronald Regan elected as president.
Moral Majority
Regan nominated ______ Day O'Connor to Supreme Court, and she became the first female to serve on the Supreme Court.
Sandra
Regan increased defense spending on programs like ______ WARS, to put pressure on the Soviets to spend money they didn't have.
STAR
In 1986, government officials secretly sold weapons to ______ in exchange for the release of hostages who had been taken captive by a terrorist group.
Iran
In 1969, Richard Nixon became the ______ President of the U.S.
37th
Nixon and congress passed the ______ Protection Agency (EPA).
Environmental
The Equal Rights Amendment prevented discrimination based on ______.
sex
In 1972, Nixon shocked Americans by visiting ______.
China
Nixon initiated the process of ______, which deescalated tensions between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R.
détente
In 1972, Nixon and the Soviets signed ______ which limited the missile systems of both countries.
SALT I
Republicans working for Nixon broke into the ______ complex.
Watergate
After Nixon's Watergate scandal, the American people became more ______ about the federal government.
skeptical
After Nixon resigned, ______ became the 38th president of the United States.
Gerald Ford
The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) issued an ______ on the U.S.
embargo
What were the major concerns that led some states to not ratify the Equal Rights Amendment?
Some concerns that led states to not ratify the Equal Rights Amendment were women potentially being drafted into the military and other unspecified concerns.
Explain the significance of Nixon's visit to China in 1972.
Nixon's 1972 visit to China was significant because it opened up diplomatic relations between the U.S. and the Communist country of China, which was a shocking move at the time.
What was the purpose of the SALT I treaty signed by Nixon and the Soviets in 1972?
The SALT I treaty signed by Nixon and the Soviets in 1972 limited the missile systems of both the U.S. and the Soviets.
How did the Watergate scandal impact the American people's trust in the federal government?
After the Watergate scandal, the American people became even more skeptical and lost further trust in the federal government.
What economic challenges did President Ford face during his presidency?
The biggest problem Ford faced was an economy that had high inflation and high unemployment, known as stagflation.
Why did OPEC issue an oil embargo against the United States?
The text does not provide a specific reason for why OPEC issued an oil embargo against the United States.
What was the purpose of Nixon's policy of détente with the Soviet Union?
Nixon's policy of détente with the Soviet Union aimed to deescalate tensions between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R.
What actions did Nixon take in an attempt to cover up the Watergate scandal?
When the government launched an investigation into the Watergate event, Nixon attempted to cover up information related to the scandal.
What was controversial about Ford's decision to pardon Nixon after the Watergate scandal?
Ford's decision to pardon Nixon, using his executive power, prevented Nixon from being punished for his involvement in the Watergate scandal, which was controversial.
What actions did Carter take to address the nation's energy needs during his presidency?
Carter created the Department of Energy and urged Americans to develop alternative energy sources.
What specific actions did Carter take to address the energy crisis during his presidency?
Carter created the Department of Energy and urged Americans to develop alternative energy sources.
How did Carter's economic policies attempt to address stagflation, and were they successful?
Carter cut government spending in hopes that would help the economy, but it did not successfully address stagflation.
What were the key provisions of the Camp David Accords negotiated by Carter?
The Camp David Accords ended years of conflict between Israel and Egypt, with both leaders agreeing to peace.
How did the Iranian Hostage Crisis impact America's image as a world superpower?
America's world superpower image took a hit as they were unable to get the hostages back from Iran.
What were the key principles of the "new conservatism" ideology advocated by Republicans?
The new conservatism supported reducing taxes, limiting the federal government, and emphasizing Christian values.
How did Reagan's economic policies, dubbed "Reaganomics," attempt to tackle inflation?
To fight inflation, Reagan cut taxes and reduced regulation on businesses so they could produce more products and lower prices.
What was the significance of Reagan nominating Sandra Day O'Connor to the Supreme Court?
Sandra Day O'Connor became the first female justice to serve on the Supreme Court after being nominated by Reagan.
How did Reagan's defense spending policies, like the "Star Wars" program, contribute to the end of the Cold War?
Reagan increased defense spending to pressure the Soviets into spending money they could not afford, eventually leading to their collapse.
What were the two controversial actions taken by government officials in the Iran-Contra Affair?
Officials secretly sold weapons to Iran in exchange for hostages, and used that money to fund Nicaraguan rebels against U.S. policy.
How did the new conservative movement's emphasis on Christian values manifest itself politically?
The Moral Majority organization supported socially conservative norms and worked to elect Ronald Reagan as president.
Study Notes
Economic Challenges
- OPEC's embargo on the US led to a surge in prices of goods and gasoline, causing economic hardship due to the country's dependence on foreign oil.
- The US economy struggled with stagflation, characterized by high unemployment and high inflation, during the 1970s.
Jimmy Carter's Presidency
- Jimmy Carter took office as the 39th President of the US in 1977, during a growing energy crisis.
- Carter created the Department of Energy and urged Americans to develop alternative energy sources.
- Carter's economic policies, including cutting government spending and passing the Community Reinvestment Act, aimed to address the economic crisis.
- The Camp David Accords, signed in 1977, brought an end to years of conflict between Israel and Egypt.
- Carter signed the Panama Canal Treaty, agreeing to transfer control of the canal to Panama by 2000.
- Carter also signed SALT II, limiting the development of nuclear weapons, and faced increased tension with the Soviet Union following their invasion of Afghanistan.
Iranian Hostage Crisis
- The Shah of Iran was ousted in 1979, and he sought medical treatment in the US, angering Iranians.
- In response, Iranians stormed the US embassy, taking Americans hostage.
- The crisis ended with the release of the hostages on the day Ronald Reagan became president, over a year later.
- The incident damaged America's international reputation and image.
Ronald Reagan's Presidency
- Ronald Reagan became the 40th President of the US in 1981, advocating for a new conservatism ideology.
- Reagan's economic policies, known as Reganomics, aimed to fight inflation by cutting taxes and reducing government regulation of businesses.
- The policies helped the economy thrive, and prices began to fall.
- Reagan nominated Sandra Day O'Connor to the Supreme Court, making her the first female justice.
- Reagan's foreign policy focused on increasing defense spending, including the STAR WARS program, to put pressure on the Soviet Union.
- Reagan signed a nuclear missiles treaty with Soviet leader Gorbachev, and the Soviet Union collapsed shortly after his presidency.
New Conservatism
- The Heritage Foundation, an influential think-tank, advocated for free enterprise and a strong national defense.
- The Moral Majority, a Christian organization, supported socially conservative norms and worked to elect Ronald Reagan as president.
Iran-Contra Affair
- In 1986, government officials secretly sold weapons to Iran in exchange for the release of hostages.
- The officials used the money to support the Contra's group, attempting to overthrow the Communist government in Nicaragua.
- Both actions were against US policies, and the scandal further disillusioned the American people with the government.
Richard Nixon's Presidency
- Richard Nixon became the 37th President of the US in 1969.
- Nixon and Congress established the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to protect the environment from air and water pollution.
- The Equal Rights Amendment, preventing discrimination based on sex, was passed by Congress but not ratified by the states.
- Nixon's foreign policy focused on visiting China and the Soviet Union, initiating the process of détente and signing SALT I.
- The Watergate scandal, in which Republicans broke into the Democratic headquarters, led to Nixon's resignation in 1972.
Gerald Ford's Presidency
- Gerald Ford became the 38th President of the US after Nixon's resignation.
- Ford pardoned Nixon for his involvement in the Watergate scandal.
- Ford faced an economy struggling with stagflation, characterized by high unemployment and high inflation.
Test your knowledge on Richard Nixon's presidency, including his achievements such as establishing the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and his foreign policy initiatives. Learn about the Equal Rights Amendment and its impact during Nixon's time in office.
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