Questions and Answers
Which enzyme is involved in the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway and is regulated by a FMN riboswitch?
RibE
What is the role of GTP cyclohydrolase II (RibA) in the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway?
Catalyzes an early step in the pathway
What happens when FMN binds to the riboswitch?
Causes premature termination of gene expression
Which genes are part of the single transcription unit regulated by the FMN riboswitch?
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What is the utility of the FMN riboswitch in the pathogenic bacterium M. tuberculosis?
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Which statement accurately describes the effect of FMN binding to its target?
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Which analogs inhibit the synthesis of vitamin B2 and FMN?
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What is the effect of inhibitors of FMS synthesis on the pathogenic bacterium M. tuberculosis?
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What happens in the absence of FMN?
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Which enzyme catalyzes the formation of 3,4-dihydroxy2-butanone-4-phosphate in the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway?
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Which type of gene expression regulation will be discussed in today's lecture?
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What is the key benefit of posttranscriptional control of gene expression?
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Which example is used to illustrate regulation via translational feedback?
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What is the main focus of the article 'Antibiotic Resistance: Current Perspectives'?
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In bacteria, what is increased demand for protein synthesis met by?
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Which factor operates at the transcriptional and translational level to regulate riboflavin biosynthesis?
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What was discussed in the last lecture regarding gene expression regulation in bacteria?
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Which operon was mentioned in the last lecture for positive and negative regulation with different proteins?
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What is the source of the article 'The ribB FMN riboswitch from Escherichia coli'?
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Which section of the text should be referred to for further details on post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression?
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What percentage of total cellular proteins can ribosomal proteins make up in rapidly growing cells?
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How many genes encode r-proteins?
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Where do riboswitches exist within mRNA?
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What controls gene expression by inhibiting translation when [vitamin B1] is high?
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Which molecule causes the glmS riboswitch to degrade itself?
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How are riboswitches classified?
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What is one of the mechanisms through which many bacteria are developing resistance to antibiotics?
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Which riboswitch controls the expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of riboflavin (vitamin B2)?
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What is the function of one r-protein in each operon?
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What is the role of riboswitch-regulated mRNAs' long sequences upstream from the translation start site?
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True or false: The FMN riboswitch is involved in the regulation of the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway in M. tuberculosis.
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True or false: In the presence of FMN, gene expression is prematurely terminated due to the binding of FMN to the riboswitch.
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True or false: Roseoflavin and Ribocil-C promote the synthesis of vitamin B2 and FMN.
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True or false: The FMN riboswitch only regulates transcription and not translation.
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True or false: The ribDG-E-AB-H transcriptional unit is regulated by the FMN riboswitch.
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Study Notes
Riboswitches and Antibiotic Resistance
- Ribosomal proteins can make up to 45% of total cellular proteins in rapidly growing cells
- Bacteria coordinate the synthesis of the ribosomal components r-proteins r-RNAs
- There are 52 genes encoding r-proteins, present in ~20 operons, with one r-protein in each operon functioning as a translational repressor
- Riboswitches exist within the 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR) of mRNA and can function at the level of transcription and translation
- The thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)–binding riboswitch controls gene expression by inhibiting translation when [vitamin B1] is high
- Riboswitches can affect mRNA stability, such as the glmS riboswitch which degrades itself on binding of GlcN6-P
- Riboswitches can discriminate between chemically related molecules based on atomic charge, stereochemistry, and the presence or absence of particular functional groups
- Riboswitches can be very specific to their ligands
- Riboswitch-regulated mRNAs have unusually long sequences upstream from the translation start site that are necessary to form the riboswitch
- There are over 15 classes of Riboswitches, classified based on ligand type and secondary structure
- Many bacteria are developing resistance to antibiotics through mechanisms such as decreasing antibiotic influx, increasing antibiotic efflux, degrading or modifying antibiotics, protecting antibiotic targets, and producing alternative proteins
- The FMN riboswitch controls the expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of riboflavin (vitamin B2) and is related to antibiotic resistance through the inhibition of vitamin B2 and FMN synthesis.
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