Central Dogma

What process rewrites the DNA code into RNA using the same nucleotide 'language'?

Transcription

In eukaryotes, what must mRNA do before it can exit the nucleus?

Pass through nuclear pores

What is the sequence of events in protein construction from DNA to amino acids?

Transcription >> Translation >> Replication

Which of the following correctly describes alternative RNA splicing?

Allows genes to encode multiple polypeptides Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of tRNA during translation?

Carries amino acids to the ribosome Signup and view all the answers

Which feature of the genetic code allows for more than one codon to code for the same amino acid?

'Redundancy' of the code Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of tRNA in translation?

Interpreting the mRNA codons to assemble the correct amino acids Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the ribosome is crucial for coordinating the functioning of mRNA and tRNA during translation?

Ribosomal RNAs Signup and view all the answers

At what point does elongation stop during translation?

When tRNA delivers an amino acid to the A site Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the completed polypeptide during translation termination?

It is released from the ribosome Signup and view all the answers

Which component of tRNA is responsible for recognizing the appropriate codons in mRNA?

Anticodon Signup and view all the answers

What role do ribosomal subunits play in translation?

Dissociate from each other after polypeptide synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the P site in a ribosome?

Peptidyl-tRNA binding site Signup and view all the answers

Which subunit of the ribosome contains the large 5′ mRNA binding site?

Large subunit Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the E site in translation?

Exit site for tRNA Signup and view all the answers

Which base of the RNA codon determines the amino acid in the translation process?

Second base Signup and view all the answers

How do certain antibiotic drugs act selectively on bacterial ribosomes?

By affecting the tRNA binding sites in bacterial ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of ribosomal differences between bacteria and eukaryotes?

Medically, antibiotics can target bacterial ribosomes specifically Signup and view all the answers

During which process are genetic messages produced in the form of RNA?

Transcription Signup and view all the answers

What is the binding site for RNA polymerase in the process of transcription?

Promoter Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is responsible for carrying amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?

tRNA Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during translation in protein synthesis?

Synthesis of proteins under the direction of RNA Signup and view all the answers

Which component is directly involved in creating polypeptides at the ribosome?

tRNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of RNA polymerase in gene expression?

Transcribing DNA into RNA Signup and view all the answers

How does a base substitution mutation differ from a frameshift mutation?

Base substitution mutations cause a change in the amino acid sequence, while frameshift mutations alter the reading frame. Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of a missense mutation?

A new protein with an improved function is produced. Signup and view all the answers

How do nucleotide insertions differ from nucleotide deletions?

Insertions alter the reading frame, while deletions may have no effect at all. Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a nonsense mutation?

An amino acid is changed into a stop codon. Signup and view all the answers

In what way does a frameshift mutation affect the genetic message?

It alters the reading frame of the genetic message. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mutation could potentially lead to an improved protein function?

Missense mutation Signup and view all the answers