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Questions and Answers
What type of joint are the facet joints classified as?
What type of joint are the facet joints classified as?
- Secondary cartilaginous joint
- Synovial plane joint (correct)
- Ball-and-socket joint
- Fibrous joint
Which arteries provide blood supply to the facet joints?
Which arteries provide blood supply to the facet joints?
- Anterior intercostal arteries
- Supreme intercostal and posterior intercostal arteries 1-10 (correct)
- Lumbar arteries
- Vertebral artery
What movement is restricted by the orientation of the facet joints in the thoracic region?
What movement is restricted by the orientation of the facet joints in the thoracic region?
- Lateral flexion
- Circumduction
- Rotation
- Flexion and extension (correct)
What type of joint are intervertebral discs classified as?
What type of joint are intervertebral discs classified as?
Which ligaments are associated with both the facet joints and the intervertebral discs?
Which ligaments are associated with both the facet joints and the intervertebral discs?
What action occurs at the atlantooccipital joint when the superior fibers contract bilaterally?
What action occurs at the atlantooccipital joint when the superior fibers contract bilaterally?
Which joint action is associated with the descending part of the muscle's function?
Which joint action is associated with the descending part of the muscle's function?
What is the main blood supply for the ascending part of the muscle?
What is the main blood supply for the ascending part of the muscle?
Which joint is stabilized by the scapulothoracic joint's actions?
Which joint is stabilized by the scapulothoracic joint's actions?
What is the role of the inferior fibers of the muscle?
What is the role of the inferior fibers of the muscle?
Which type of movement does the transverse part of the muscle facilitate?
Which type of movement does the transverse part of the muscle facilitate?
During ipsilateral flexion, which joint is primarily involved?
During ipsilateral flexion, which joint is primarily involved?
Which artery does NOT supply the descending part of the muscle?
Which artery does NOT supply the descending part of the muscle?
Which cranial nerves provide motor control to the diaphragm?
Which cranial nerves provide motor control to the diaphragm?
What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?
What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?
Which part of the lymphatic system drains the posterior chest wall?
Which part of the lymphatic system drains the posterior chest wall?
What primarily triggers the natural recoil of the lungs during breathing?
What primarily triggers the natural recoil of the lungs during breathing?
Which lymphatic trunk drains the viscera?
Which lymphatic trunk drains the viscera?
Where are the slowly adapting receptors primarily involved in the sensation of dyspnea located?
Where are the slowly adapting receptors primarily involved in the sensation of dyspnea located?
The thoracic duct is primarily responsible for draining which of the following?
The thoracic duct is primarily responsible for draining which of the following?
Which structures provide sensory input that triggers the respiratory center?
Which structures provide sensory input that triggers the respiratory center?
What is the innervation of the quadratus lumborum?
What is the innervation of the quadratus lumborum?
Which artery is NOT listed as a blood supply for the serratus anterior?
Which artery is NOT listed as a blood supply for the serratus anterior?
What is the function of the serratus anterior muscle?
What is the function of the serratus anterior muscle?
What is the origin of the superior part of the quadratus lumborum?
What is the origin of the superior part of the quadratus lumborum?
Which of the following actions does the quadratus lumborum perform unilaterally?
Which of the following actions does the quadratus lumborum perform unilaterally?
What structure does the serratus anterior insert upon?
What structure does the serratus anterior insert upon?
Which mnemonic is associated with the serratus anterior's innervation?
Which mnemonic is associated with the serratus anterior's innervation?
What is the primary blood supply for the quadratus lumborum?
What is the primary blood supply for the quadratus lumborum?
What is the primary action of the iliocostalis muscle during bilateral contraction?
What is the primary action of the iliocostalis muscle during bilateral contraction?
Which of the following is NOT an origin point of the iliocostalis lumborum?
Which of the following is NOT an origin point of the iliocostalis lumborum?
What nerve primarily innervates the latissimus dorsi muscle?
What nerve primarily innervates the latissimus dorsi muscle?
During unilateral contraction, which action is performed by the transversus abdominis muscle?
During unilateral contraction, which action is performed by the transversus abdominis muscle?
Which of the following statements about the external oblique muscle's action is correct?
Which of the following statements about the external oblique muscle's action is correct?
What primary blood supply does the iliocostalis thoracis receive?
What primary blood supply does the iliocostalis thoracis receive?
Which of the following best describes the innervation of the internal abdominal oblique muscle?
Which of the following best describes the innervation of the internal abdominal oblique muscle?
What effect do mechanoreceptors in the chest wall have on respiratory sensation?
What effect do mechanoreceptors in the chest wall have on respiratory sensation?
The insertion of the external abdominal oblique muscle is found at which location?
The insertion of the external abdominal oblique muscle is found at which location?
Which of these structures are anesthetized using a nerve block during thoracocentesis?
Which of these structures are anesthetized using a nerve block during thoracocentesis?
The rectus abdominis muscle primarily performs which of the following actions?
The rectus abdominis muscle primarily performs which of the following actions?
What is the common feature of dermatomes supplied by intercostal nerves over the chest wall?
What is the common feature of dermatomes supplied by intercostal nerves over the chest wall?
What action is associated with the bilateral contraction of the transverse abdominis muscle?
What action is associated with the bilateral contraction of the transverse abdominis muscle?
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Study Notes
Rib Anatomy
- The tenth rib may only articulate with the 10th vertebrae and is atypical.
- The first rib has grooves for the subclavian vessels.
Costovertebral Joints
- Facet joints, also known as zygapophyseal joints are synovial plane joints.
- Facet joints have inferior and superior articular facets.
- Ligaments associated with facet joints:
- Ligamenta flava
- Interspinous ligaments
- Supraspinous ligament
- Intertransverse ligaments
- Innervation: Lateral branches of the posterior rami of C8 –T11 spinal nerves
- Blood supply: Supreme intercostal, posterior intercostal arteries 1-10
- Movements: In the thoracic region, superior facets project posteriorly and inferior facets project anteriorly. This vertical placement restricts flexion and extension, but allows for rotation.
Intervertebral Discs
- Type: Secondary cartilaginous joint
- Articular surfaces: Adjacent vertebral bodies
- Ligaments:
- Ligamenta flava
- Interspinous ligaments
- Supraspinous ligament
- Intertransverse ligaments
- Innervation: Sinovertebral nerves
- Blood supply: Osmotic supply
- Movements: Flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation
Serratus Anterior Muscle
- Origin:
- Ribs 1-2
- Intercostal fascia
- Ribs 3-6
- Ribs 7-8/9, sometimes extending to rib 10 and the external oblique muscle
- Insertion:
- Scapula’s superior angle, medial border, and inferior angle
- Innervation: Long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)
- Blood supply: Superior and lateral thoracic arteries, thoracodorsal artery branches
- Function: Draws scapula anterolaterally, suspends scapula on thoracic wall, rotates scapula (draws inferior angle laterally)
Quadratus Lumborum Muscle
- Origin: Iliac crest, iliolumbar ligament
- Insertion: Inferior border of rib 12, transverse processes of vertebrae L1-L4
- Innervation: Subcostal nerve (T12), anterior rami of spinal nerves L1-L4
- Blood supply: Lumbar, median sacral, iliolumbar and subcostal arteries
- Function:
- Bilateral contraction: fixes rib 12 during inspiration, trunk extension
- Unilateral contraction: lateral flexion of trunk (ipsilateral)
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