Questions and Answers
What is the term for a condition where the heart's atria experience chaotic electrical signals?
Which term refers to a rapid heart rhythm originating in the atria?
What does NSR stand for?
Normal Sinus Rhythm
What is a heart rate below 60 beats per minute called?
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Ventricular Fibrillation (VFib) is a condition where the heart beats chaotically and is not pumping effectively.
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What condition is referred to by the abbreviation SVT?
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Which of the following is a type of heart block where atrial impulses are blocked partially?
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The rhythm characterized by the heart rate exceeding 100 beats per minute is called _____ Tachycardia.
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Define 'asystole'.
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Match the following terms to their definitions:
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Study Notes
Atrial Fibrillation
- Irregular, often rapid heart rate causing poor blood flow.
- Risk factors include heart disease, hypertension, and alcohol consumption.
- Symptoms may include palpitations, shortness of breath, and fatigue.
Atrial Flutter
- Heart condition characterized by rapid atrial contractions.
- May lead to blood clots, stroke, and other heart-related complications.
- Commonly presents as "sawtooth" waves on an EKG.
NSR with PAC (Normal Sinus Rhythm with Premature Atrial Contractions)
- Normal heart rhythm with occasional early beats originating in the atria.
- PACs are often benign but can indicate underlying heart issues.
Paced Atrial
- Atrial pacing indicates that the heart’s rhythms are controlled artificially.
- This condition shows pacing spikes on an EKG.
Sinus Rhythm
- Normal heart rhythm generated by the sinoatrial node.
- Characterized by consistent heart rates typically between 60-100 beats per minute.
Sinus Arrest
- Pauses in the heart's normal rhythm due to failure of the sinoatrial node.
- Can be symptomatic and lead to fainting or dizziness.
Sinus Arrhythmia
- Variation in heart rate that occurs with breathing.
- Generally not hazardous and considered a normal physiological response.
Sinus Bradycardia
- Reduced heart rate typically below 60 beats per minute.
- Can be normal in athletes or indicative of medical conditions.
Sinus Tachycardia
- Elevated heart rate over 100 beats per minute while maintaining a normal rhythm.
- Triggered by factors like exercise, anxiety, or fever.
SVT (Supraventricular Tachycardia)
- Rapid heart rhythm originating above the ventricles.
- Can cause palpitations, dizziness, and chest pain; often requires intervention.
Second Degree AV Block Type 2
- Intermittent failure of electrical impulses to reach the ventricles.
- More concerning than Type 1; can progress to more serious heart block.
Second Degree AV Block with 2:1
- Every other atrial impulse fails to conduct to the ventricles.
- Identified by a pattern of two P waves preceding one QRS complex.
3rd Degree AV Block (Complete Heart Block)
- No communication between atria and ventricles.
- Requires urgent treatment, often with a pacemaker.
Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm (AIVR)
- Occurs when the lower heart chambers beat faster than normal.
- Usually benign in nature and may be seen post-myocardial infarction.
Accelerated Junctional Rhythm
- Speeds above the normal range (40-60 bpm) produced by junctional nodes.
- Characterized by absent or inverted P waves on the EKG.
Idioventricular Rhythm (IVR)
- Heart rhythm originating in ventricles with a slow heart rate (20-40 bpm).
- May appear in situations like complete heart block.
Junctional Rhythm
- Originates from the junctional area of the heart at slower rates than normal.
- P waves may be absent or potentially retrograde (inverted).
Junctional Tachycardia
- Rapid heart rhythm originating from the junction between the atria and ventricles.
- Presents with narrow QRS complexes on an EKG.
NSR with First Degree AV Block
- Characterized by a prolonged PR interval.
- Generally considered benign but indicates conduction delay.
NSR with PJC (Normal Sinus Rhythm with Premature Junctional Contractions)
- Features early beats originating from the junctional area.
- Often benign and not usually symptomatic.
Second Degree AV Block Type 1 (Wenckebach or Mobitz Type I)
- Progressive lengthening of PR interval leads to dropped beats.
- Generally less serious than Type 2 blocks and often asymptomatic.
Ventricular Fibrillation (VFib)
- Life-threatening erratic heart rhythm, preventing effective blood flow.
- Requires immediate defibrillation for patient survival.
Ventricular Tachycardia (VT)
- Fast heart rhythm originating from the ventricles.
- Can be sustained or nonsustained and may lead to VFib.
First Degree AV Block
- Characterized by prolonged PR interval.
- Often asymptomatic and not significant in most cases.
Normal Sinus Rhythm
- Reliable and consistent heart rhythm originating from the sinoatrial node.
- Heart rate usually ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute without irregularities.
Torsades de Pointes
- A form of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia associated with prolonged QT interval.
- Can lead to VFib; requires immediate medical evaluation.
Third Degree Heart Block (Complete Heart Block)
- Total failure of atria and ventricles to communicate.
- Impairs the heart's ability to pump effectively; often requires pacemaker placement.
Asystole
- Total absence of electrical activity in the heart, resulting in no heartbeat.
- Considered a critical emergency requiring immediate intervention.
PACs (Premature Atrial Contractions)
- Early heartbeats originating in the atria.
- Typically benign but may indicate atrial irritability or other underlying issues.
PVC (Premature Ventricular Contractions)
- Early heartbeats arising from the ventricles.
- Can be isolated or part of a pattern; may require monitoring if frequent.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key terms related to EKG and rhythm strips through this set of flashcards. Each card presents a term along with its definition, focusing on various types of heart rhythms and arrhythmias. Perfect for medical students and healthcare professionals looking to sharpen their skills.
