Rhinoviruses Transmission and Characteristics

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What is the most common method for diagnosing Parainfluenza Virus infections?

Serological testing
PCR testing (correct)
Blood culture
Urine analysis

Which statement about Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is true regarding clinical disease presentation?

Bronchiolitis is a less common presentation of RSV infection in children. (correct)
RSV infection in infants primarily presents with upper respiratory symptoms only.
Croup is a common manifestation of RSV infection in adults.
Otitis media is not associated with pediatric RSV disease.

Which antiviral treatment is specifically approved for hospitalized infants with lower respiratory tract disease caused by Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)?

Oseltamivir
Zanamivir
Ribavirin (correct)
Peramivir

Why are Parainfluenza Virus infections managed symptomatically with glucocorticoids and nebulized epinephrine?

To alleviate inflammation and airway obstruction caused by the virus (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why are mild Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infections generally treated symptomatically?

No specific antiviral therapy is effective against RSV. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which virus lacks a vaccine for prevention and has its infections managed mainly through rigorous infection control practices?

Human Metapneumovirus (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is commonly associated with people in 'closed environments,' such as schools, prisoners, and military barracks?

Adenovirus (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical clinical presentation of an Adenovirus infection?

Cold-like symptoms with exudative pharyngitis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key diagnostic method for determining an HMV infection?

Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATs) (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the treatment of HMV infections?

Symptomatic treatment is the main approach (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable characteristic of the clinical disease caused by Parainfluenza Virus?

Symptoms similar to a common cold (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is lower respiratory complications more common in patients with underlying respiratory disease or immunosuppression?

As a result of the involvement of bronchial airways and lungs (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of many respiratory viruses mentioned in the text?

They produce similar symptoms making them clinically indistinguishable (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which virus mentioned in the text has an exception regarding antiviral treatment availability?

Influenza viruses (B) Signup and view all the answers

How do respiratory viruses typically affect the upper and lower respiratory tract?

Can affect the upper and lower respiratory tract simultaneously or individually (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of RNA does Parainfluenza virus possess?

Negative-sense, single-stranded RNA (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do respiratory viruses enter host cells?

By endocytosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of replication for respiratory viruses as described in the text?

Formation of replication vesicles by the virus (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which virus produces one large polyprotein that is later cleaved to produce individual proteins?

Rhinoviruses (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which respiratory virus assembly step involves the insertion of the genome into the capsid before releasing virions?

Assembly of the nucleocapsid (B) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes PIV-3 clinical disease from that caused by PIV-1 and PIV-2?

PIV-3 is more prone to causing pneumonia and bronchiolitis in children. (E) Signup and view all the answers

How does Parainfluenza Virus predominantly spread?

Through respiratory droplets and contact with contaminated surfaces. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic method is commonly used for Parainfluenza Virus infections?

PCR testing for viral RNA detection. (E) Signup and view all the answers

How are Parainfluenza Virus infections typically managed?

Using glucocorticoids and nebulized epinephrine for symptomatic relief. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infections in infants?

Greater severity causing bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and croup. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infections impact infants compared to adults?

Infants have a higher risk of severe lower respiratory involvement and hospitalization. (E) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common mode of transmission for Parainfluenza Virus?

Airborne droplets (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the clinical disease caused by Parainfluenza Virus?

Respiratory distress (C) Signup and view all the answers

How is Parainfluenza Virus infection typically diagnosed?

Throat swab for PCR (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment approach is NOT recommended for managing Parainfluenza Virus infections?

Antibiotics (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic symptom of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infection in infants?

Wheezing and coughing (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which age group is most susceptible to severe complications from Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)?

Infants and young children (A) Signup and view all the answers

In which season is Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) most commonly active?

Winter (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinct feature of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) that distinguishes it from other respiratory viruses?

'Croup-like' symptoms presentation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the common clinical symptoms associated with Parainfluenza Virus infections?

Wheezing, laryngitis, and otitis (A) Signup and view all the answers

How is Parainfluenza Virus primarily transmitted according to the text?

By respiratory droplets (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnostic method commonly used for Parainfluenza Virus infections?

Rapid antigen testing (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why are infants hospitalized with lower respiratory tract disease caused by Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) usually treated in the hospital?

To provide symptomatic care and supportive treatment (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) characteristics?

RSV causes mild symptoms in adults but can be severe in infants. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How is the clinical disease caused by Parainfluenza Virus different from that caused by Adenovirus according to the text?

Parainfluenza Virus presents as a pertussis-like syndrome, while Adenovirus causes cold-like symptoms. (C) Signup and view all the answers