Rheumatology Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of deformation and fixation of the joint in fibromyalgia?

Joint movement impairment due to muscle fatigue (correct)

Uric acid and crystal deposits

Metabolic abnormality leading to joint inflammation

Inadequate renal excretion of uric acid

What is the primary goal of treatment for fibromyalgia?

To eliminate uric acid and crystal deposits

To restore joint mobility and reduce fatigue (correct)

To cure the disease-modifying antirheumatic condition

To reduce inflammation and pain

Which of the following is a characteristic of gouty arthritis?

Chronic joint inflammation and fatigue

Formation of tophus, leading to local inflammation

Inadequate renal excretion of uric acid

All of the above (correct)

What is the primary cause of joint movement impairment in osteoarthritis?

Deformation and fixation of the joint Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of joint inflammation?

Redness, swelling, and pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of heat and cold applications in treating fibromyalgia?

To relax muscles and reduce stiffness Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug used to treat fibromyalgia?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of muscle fatigue in fibromyalgia?

Chronic joint inflammation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a biological response-modifying agent used to treat fibromyalgia?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of physical and occupational therapy in treating fibromyalgia?

To restore joint mobility and reduce fatigue Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Joint Disorders

Gout is treated by reducing uric acid levels with drugs and dietary changes and diagnosed by examination of synovial fluid and blood tests.

Ankylosing Spondylitis

It is a chronic, progressive, inflammatory condition that affects sacroiliac joints, intervertebral spaces, and costovertebral joints.
It is more common in men aged 20 to 40 years and the cause is unknown, but thought to be an autoimmune disorder with a genetic basis.
Signs and symptoms include lower back pain, morning stiffness, pain when lying down, and spine rigidity.
Systemic signs include fatigue, fever, weight loss, and uveitis.
Treatment involves drugs to relieve pain, daily exercise, physiotherapy, and occupational therapy.

Other Inflammatory Joint Disorders

Bursitis

It is the inflammation of bursae associated with bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments of various joints.
The most common cause is repetitive motion on a particular joint.
Diagnosis is made through physical examination, ultrasound, and/or MRI.
Treatment involves rest, anti-inflammatory drugs, and physical therapy.

Synovitis

It is the inflammation of the synovial membrane, causing restricted and painful joint movement.
Diagnosis is made through examination of a swollen, red, and warm joint, and analyzing synovial fluid for signs of infections.
Treatment involves anti-inflammatory drugs and identification and treatment of the underlying cause.

Tendinitis

It is the irritation or inflammation of the tendon, manifesting as a dull ache and mild swelling.
The cause is single trauma or repetitive motion.
Diagnosis is made through physical examination.
Treatment involves rest, application of ice, pain relievers, and physical therapy.

Overuse Injuries

Immobilization is used to prevent tissue damage and promote healing.
Severe damage to tendons and ligaments requires surgical repair.
Overuse injuries can lead to muscle tears, which can result in replacing the structure with fibrous scar tissue.
Examples of overuse injuries include repetitive strain injury, keyboard use, and running.

Muscle Tears

It is the result of trauma or overextension or overstressing of the muscle.
Repeated injury will lead to replacing the structure with fibrous scar tissue.
Degrees of muscle tears include first degree (small amount of muscle fiber), second degree (not complete tear), and third degree (complete tear).
Treatment involves RICE, NSAIDs, and surgery for third-degree tears.

Bone Disorders

Osteoporosis

It is a metabolized disorder characterized by a decrease in bone mass and density, loss of bone matrix, and mineralization.
It affects bones consisting of high proportions of cancellous bone (vertebrae and femoral neck).
Diagnosis is made through bone density scans and x-ray.
Signs and symptoms include back pain, kyphosis, and scoliosis.
Osteoporosis occurs in two forms: primary (idiopathic, age 50+, decreased sex hormones, decreased calcium intake) and secondary (joint movement impaired, deformation, and fixation of the joint).
Systemic signs include fatigue, anorexia, mild fever, generalized lymphadenopathy, and generalized aching.
Treatment involves a balance between rest and activity, heat and cold applications, physical and occupational therapy, NSAIDs, glucocorticoids, and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.

Gout

It is known as gouty arthritis, resulting from deposits of uric acid and crystals in the joint, causing inflammation.
Formation of tophus (large hard nodule of urate crystals) causes local inflammation.
Uric acid and crystals form due to inadequate renal excretion, chemotherapy, metabolic abnormality, and/or genetic factors.
Inflammation causes redness, swelling, and pain.