Rheumatology Quiz

Study Notes

Gout is treated by reducing uric acid levels with drugs and dietary changes and diagnosed by examination of synovial fluid and blood tests.

It is a chronic, progressive, inflammatory condition that affects sacroiliac joints, intervertebral spaces, and costovertebral joints.
It is more common in men aged 20 to 40 years and the cause is unknown, but thought to be an autoimmune disorder with a genetic basis.
Signs and symptoms include lower back pain, morning stiffness, pain when lying down, and spine rigidity.
Systemic signs include fatigue, fever, weight loss, and uveitis.
Treatment involves drugs to relieve pain, daily exercise, physiotherapy, and occupational therapy.

It is the inflammation of bursae associated with bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments of various joints.
The most common cause is repetitive motion on a particular joint.
Diagnosis is made through physical examination, ultrasound, and/or MRI.
Treatment involves rest, anti-inflammatory drugs, and physical therapy.

It is the inflammation of the synovial membrane, causing restricted and painful joint movement.
Diagnosis is made through examination of a swollen, red, and warm joint, and analyzing synovial fluid for signs of infections.
Treatment involves anti-inflammatory drugs and identification and treatment of the underlying cause.

It is the irritation or inflammation of the tendon, manifesting as a dull ache and mild swelling.
The cause is single trauma or repetitive motion.
Diagnosis is made through physical examination.
Treatment involves rest, application of ice, pain relievers, and physical therapy.

Immobilization is used to prevent tissue damage and promote healing.
Severe damage to tendons and ligaments requires surgical repair.
Overuse injuries can lead to muscle tears, which can result in replacing the structure with fibrous scar tissue.
Examples of overuse injuries include repetitive strain injury, keyboard use, and running.

It is the result of trauma or overextension or overstressing of the muscle.
Repeated injury will lead to replacing the structure with fibrous scar tissue.
Degrees of muscle tears include first degree (small amount of muscle fiber), second degree (not complete tear), and third degree (complete tear).
Treatment involves RICE, NSAIDs, and surgery for third-degree tears.

It is a metabolized disorder characterized by a decrease in bone mass and density, loss of bone matrix, and mineralization.
It affects bones consisting of high proportions of cancellous bone (vertebrae and femoral neck).
Diagnosis is made through bone density scans and x-ray.
Signs and symptoms include back pain, kyphosis, and scoliosis.
Osteoporosis occurs in two forms: primary (idiopathic, age 50+, decreased sex hormones, decreased calcium intake) and secondary (joint movement impaired, deformation, and fixation of the joint).
Systemic signs include fatigue, anorexia, mild fever, generalized lymphadenopathy, and generalized aching.
Treatment involves a balance between rest and activity, heat and cold applications, physical and occupational therapy, NSAIDs, glucocorticoids, and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.

It is known as gouty arthritis, resulting from deposits of uric acid and crystals in the joint, causing inflammation.
Formation of tophus (large hard nodule of urate crystals) causes local inflammation.
Uric acid and crystals form due to inadequate renal excretion, chemotherapy, metabolic abnormality, and/or genetic factors.
Inflammation causes redness, swelling, and pain.