Rheumatology Quiz on Arthritis Types

Rheumatology

• Gout Arthritis:

  • Characterized by high uric acid levels.
  • Acute phase presents with pain, swelling, and redness.
  • Initial treatment involves colchicine and NSAIDs.
  • Chronic phase involves tophi formation.
  • Long-term management involves allopurinol and probenecid.

• Pseudogout:

  • Similar symptoms to gout but with different crystal type.
  • Diagnosis confirmed via arthrocentesis, revealing weakly birefringent crystals.
  • Treatment generally similar to gout.

• Rheumatoid Arthritis:

  • Autoimmune inflammatory condition.
  • Characterized by bilateral joint pain, morning stiffness lasting >30 min.
  • Rheumatoid nodules may be present
  • Key diagnostic tool includes anti-CCP antibodies.
  • Initial treatment involves NSAIDS, later biologics and DMARDs.

• Osteoarthritis:

  • Degenerative joint disease.
  • Common symptoms include joint pain and stiffness.
  • Heberden's and Bouchard's nodes are common findings.
  • Treatment typically focuses on pain relief and joint protection.
  • Diagnoised with radiographic imaging like X-rays and MRI.
  • Grades based on the extent of joint deterioration.

• Septic Arthritis:

  • Infection of the joints.
  • Often caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
  • Significant joint pain, swelling and redness.
  • Prompt treatment with antibiotics is crucial.

• Spondylolisthesis:

  • Vertebral slippage.
  • Pain in the back is a common symptom
  • Diagnosis via X-ray or MRI.

• Spondylolysis:

  • Defect or fracture of the pars interarticularis.
  • Typically asymptomatic in early stages.
  • Diagnosis can be confirmed through radiographic examination (X-ray)

• Spondilosis:

  • Degenerative condition causing spinal stenosis.
  • Gradual onset of spinal pain.
  • Diagnosis from imaging such as X-ray or MRI

• Ankylosing Spondylitis:

  • Inflammatory condition affecting the spine.
  • Characterized by progressive spine fusion.
  • Diagnosis via X-ray revealing "bamboo spine" appearance.

• Skoliosis:

  • Curvature of the spine.
  • Diagnosed via physical examination and X-ray.

• Synovitis:

  • Inflammation of the synovial membrane.
  • Often a symptom of various rheumatic diseases.

• Tenosinovitis (Supurative):

  • Infection in tendons and their sheaths.
  • Can be acute or chronic.
  • Kanavel's signs and Finkelstein test can guide diagnosis.

• Osteoporosis:

  • Bone loss resulting in increased risk of fractures.
  • Often diagnosed using DEXA scans.
  • Can be primary or secondary.

• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE):

  • Autoimmune disease affecting multiple body systems.
  • Characterized by a range of symptoms, including joint pain, skin rashes, and internal organ involvement.
  • Diagnosed based on clinical presentation, with laboratory tests for ANA titers and specific autoantibodies.