Exam Revision from QuizLet

Compared to tricyclic antidepressants, SSRIs:

The purpose of pleasant activity scheduling is to:

Interpersonal psychotherapy focuses on interpersonal problems that may trigger or ________ a depressive episode.

As the symptoms of depression can negatively impact social interactions, this can lead to greater social ______.

Psychodynamic therapists assist a client to gain insight into the ______ that underpin their depressive symptoms.

Relapse-prevention training in _______ focuses on managing future triggers for depressive episodes.

The use of ECT is usually reserved for the treatment of _______ depressive disorders.

Prevention programs for depression have been found to be most effective when the targeted group:

In the ABC model, activating events trigger dysfunctional __________, which result in negative consequences.

IPT targets ________ that maintain or exacerbate factors contributing to depression.

Many empirically validated methods of relapse prevention for depression are based on ______ principles.

Most interventions to prevent depression teach skills in which areas?

CBT interventions for depression usually begin with _________ activity scheduling.

Prevention programs for depression that are directed towards all members of a population have shown __________ effects.

Persistent depressive disorder was previously referred to as ________ disorder.

In community samples, suicidal ideation is approximately ____ times more common than completed suicides.

Contemporary theories of depression have implicated abnormalities in the number and sensitivity of __________ available to take up neurotransmitters.

The depressive _________ style is one that interprets negative life events as being due to internal, stable, and global factors.

The family communication style of _____________ is typified by high levels of criticism, hostility and over/under involvement.

Repetitive ___________ magnetic stimulation is a non-pharmacological treatment for depressive disorders.

Within interpersonal psychotherapy, key target areas for treatment include:

Australian researchers have found that approximately 20% of individuals who experience depression meet criteria by the age of ______ years.

Ivy has been diagnosed with a pathological grief reaction, plus depressive disorder. She is likely to be experiencing what symptoms that differentiate this from normal grief?

Which of the following have been proposed to explain the higher prevalence of depression in female, as opposed to male, adolescents?

Approximately ______% of depressed individuals hospitalised for their disorder successfully complete suicide.

Individuals carrying one or two copies of the short 5-HTTLPT allele have been shown to exhibit higher levels of ________ in response to stressful life events.

John Cade was an Australian ___________ who found lithium carbonate to be an effective approach for the management of bipolar disorder.

A primary difference between depressive and bipolar disorders is that individuals with bipolar disorders experience pathologically:

Within manic episodes, individuals demonstrate an increase in:

The key features for diagnosis of bipolar II disorder are the presence of one or more:

Differential diagnosis between bipolar disorders and psychotic disorders is challenging due to:

The term 'bipolar disorder' was coined by:

It is estimated that in Australia, the prevalence of bipolar over the lifetime is approximately:

Within the DSM-5, the term 'bipolar disorder' embraces a spectrum of disorders including:

Which of the following individuals is least likely to experience their first episode of hypomania?

Which of the following features are absent in hypomanic episodes?

Approximately what percentage of bipolar sufferers will relapse within five years?

Individuals who repeatedly experience sub-clinical levels of elevated and depressed mood would most likely be diagnosed with _____________

The comorbidity between anxiety and bipolar disorders may be:

Researchers have suggested that individuals with borderline personality disorder may be misdiagnosed with having which bipolar disorder?

The prevalence of bipolar I disorder:

It is thought that individuals with bipolar disorder use substances such as marijuana, alcohol, and amphetamines in an attempt to:

Which of the following individuals is most likely to experience the poorest outcomes associated with their bipolar disorder diagnosis?

Which form of psychotherapy has proven the most effective in the treatment of OCD?

Among OCD patients who take medications, approximately _______% report complete relief from their symptoms and _______% report no relief at all.

Among those who complete a full course of cognitive-behavioural therapy, approximately _______ report a reduction in their symptoms.

The three essential aspects of an effective treatment program for OCD include all of the following EXCEPT _____.

Which of the following is NOT a feature of cognitive-behavioural therapy for OCD?

People have some degree of choice regarding their compulsions.

Obsessions are recurrent and persistent thoughts, impulses or images that are experienced as intrusive, inappropriate or distressing.

Any excessive worry can be called an obsession, whether or not the person recognizes that it is a product of his or her own mind.

Compulsions are always linked to obsessions because the compulsive behaviour must have the aim of reducing or preventing anxiety before they can be called compulsions.

Compulsions are repetitive behaviours or mental routines.

Compulsions are always the result of an obsession.

Obsessions can be excessive worries about real life problems.

In systematic desensitization: a person reverses the process of classical conditioning.

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of PTSD?

_____ is part of the cognitive component of therapy for PTSD.

Exposure therapy is effective for treating both _____ and ______.

A person is experiencing __________ when they feel detached from those around them.

Which form of therapy is most effective for depression?

Which of the following is not one of the techniques used by cognitive-behaviourists to help people think more rationally about their condition?

Which of the following is NOT a concern associated with ECT?

Which of the following was not listed as a form of treatment for depression?

Which of the following is NOT a feature of depression?

_________ percent of Americans will experience bipolar disorder in their lifetimes.

Medications such as lithium are able to reduce the symptoms of bipolar disorder in about _______ percent of the cases.

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Which of the following is NOT a behavioral characteristic of mania?

At what age does bipolar disorder most frequently emerge?

How does a psychiatrist tell the difference between a person with a lot of energy and a person who is in a manic state?

If bipolar disorder is left untreated, then ________.

What is meant by 'diathesis' in the diathesis-stress model of bipolar disorder?

True or false? Bipolar disorders are thought to be the result of a circadian system which is highly sensitive to disruption.

Which of the following statements is correct about the diathesis-stress model as it relates to the causes of bipolar disorders? (Select all that apply)

Obsessions can include recurrent (Select all that apply):

Almost any ___________ can become a compulsion, even when there is no logical link between it and the prevention of harm.

It has been suggested by authors of the Epidemiology Catchment Study that OCD is the _______ most common psychiatric condition across the world.

Behavioural _________ are complex sets of behaviours choreographed for specific situations, such as checking.

Cognitive theorists suggest that __________ may mediate some compulsive behaviours.

A key difference between obsessions and ordinary thoughts is that, with regard to obsessions, the person must:

Researchers have demonstrated that approximately ____% of individuals suffering from OCD and treated with CBT principles demonstrate and maintain significant improvements.

Researchers have demonstrated obsessive-compulsive disorder to have one of the most __________ presentations between individuals with the same disorder.

Brian has ongoing difficulties with getting rid of possessions, even those that are damaged and useless. His house is overflowing with items, but he cannot cope with the idea of decluttering. Brian would likely be diagnosed with ________ disorder.

It has been suggested that up to _____% of adult sufferers of OCD recall symptom onset before 18 years of age.

Individuals with body dysmorphic disorder frequently engage in (Select all that apply):

According to the neuropsychological model, OCD results from a failure of inhibitory pathways in the ____.

__________ involves recurrent pulling out of one's own hair, with hair loss as a result.

Proponents of the cognitive model of OCD suggest that all people suffer from intrusive thoughts; however, individuals with OCD:

_________ disorder is often seen as a comorbid condition in those with OCD or trichotillomania.

Danger ideation reduction therapy (DIRT) can be a useful treatment approach for OCD sufferers who:

Individuals with hoarding disorder frequently experience:

Psychological treatments for OCD-related disorders generally include (Select all that apply):

Evidence suggests that up to _____% of individuals seeking cosmetic surgery meet criteria for body dysmorphic disorder.

The 12-month prevalence of trichotillomania is approximately __________%.

It is estimated that up to _______% of excoriation disorder sufferers are female.

Medications that increase the availability of the neurotransmitter ________ are widely used in the treatment of OCD-related disorders.

The media extensively documented Michael Jackson's seeming obsession with changing his appearance. If this behaviour was due to perceived defects in appearance, it is possible he was suffering from which disorder?

Someone with no insight into the unreality of their obsessive-compulsive beliefs may be difficult to differentiate from someone with a ________ illness/disorder.

Approximately ____ of OCD sufferers benefit from pharmacotherapy.

Males with body dysmorphic disorder are likely to experience distressing thoughts regarding their (Select all that apply):

Prior to the DSM-5, obsessive-compulsive disorder was conceptualised as a __________ disorder.

Two of the most common compulsions experienced by individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder are:

It is suggested that OCD is a relatively common disorder, with prevalence rates of approximately:

The lifetime prevalence rate of excoriation disorder is approximately _______% .

A key difference between exposure response prevention (ERP) and behavioural experiment approaches to treating OCD is that:

The most common regions targeted by sufferers of trichotillomania are (Select all that apply):

The treatment with the strongest evidence base for managing social anxiety disorder is:

Negative cognitions in causing mental disorders is:

Physiological arousal is lower when people worry:

Humanistic views of human experience are epitomised by ________.

Despite the diversity of worries in the context of GAD, most can be categorized as relating to:

Which of the following perspectives on mental disorders emphasises the role of biases and selective attention in causing distress?

Self-actualisation depends largely upon:

The intolerance of uncertainty model argues that people with GAD will:

GAD frequently co-occurs with:

The cognitive-behavioural perspective increased in popularity beginning in which decade?

A primary limitation of medication use in treating GAD is:

Rogers labelled his therapeutic approach as _______ therapy.

Which approach to the treatment of mental disorders best exemplifies the scientist-practitioner model?

In support of the information processing model of GAD, sufferers:

Unconditional positive regard refers to:

CBT approaches to generalized anxiety disorder focus on:

Cognitive-behaviourists argue that negative cognitions play a ________ role in such disorders.

Negative meta-beliefs are an example of Wells' 'Type 1' worry:

Which theorists are NOT associated with the humanistic perspective? (Select more than one)

Which alternative approach to treating GAD has been found to result in improved outcomes compared to CBT?

Which perspective on human behaviour emphasises individuality, choice, and optimism?

Worrying in thoughts is less distressing than processing emotional images according to Barkovec and colleagues:

Intolerance of uncertainty is argued to interact with:

A humanist would describe Rasheed as ________.

Psychologists have a social ____________ to shape social change.

Due to concerns with tolerance and dependence, _________ are not considered the prescription of choice for GAD.

According to the humanistic approach, abnormal behaviour results from:

The technique of worry exposure is often used in treating GAD when the source of worry:

The integrative approach to mental disorders is essentially a variant of which theory/model?

In mindfulness meditation, people learn to _________ their worries.

For therapeutic change to occur, the client must be in a state of _________ and the therapist in a state of __________.

Which of these does not typically form part of cognitive-behavioural treatment?

Within Australia, the DSM is the _______ classification system used for the diagnosis of mental disorders.

Which of the following is not one of the reasons experts have proposed a dimensional system of classification for the DSM-5?

With reference to Wakefield's 'harmful dysfunction' analysis of mental disorders, what does the word 'dysfunction' refer to?

Identify the correct order in which theories on human behaviour were developed, from the earliest to the most recent:

The risk of health professionals contributing to, rather than reducing, distress is recognised within which perspective?

Psychoanalysts believe that defence mechanisms operate by:

Prior to the twentieth century, the concept of mental illness was virtually identical to the concept of:

The integrative, or ___________ approach to mental disorders holds that human behaviour can be explained by a combination of biological, psychological and sociocultural factors.

The ICD provides an alternative __________ classification system for mental disorders.

The basic principle of classical conditioning is that:

The pattern and rates of co-occurrence among mental disorders are thought to reflect:

A primary advantage of diagnostic labels is that they: (select more than one)

Which of the following does not form part of the definition of abnormal behaviour?

Due to the influence of social values and norms, diagnostic labels have historically been used as a means of ________.

Among mental health professionals, a crucial element of defining dysfunctional behaviour is:

The influence of family and other social structures on mental disorders is emphasised within the ________ perspective.

A functional analysis of behaviour:

Diagnostic instability indicates that:

According to the biopsychosocial approach, human behaviour can best be explained by:

Proponents of the dimensional model of classification argue that high degrees of comorbidity and shared symptoms between mental disorders reflect ________ underlying psychopathology.

Despite the manner in which they are often used by health professionals, diagnostic labels reflect:

Emil Kraepelin classified mental disorders in terms of their:

A primary criticism of the current diagnostic classification system is: (Select more than one)

The key issues raised in the construction of the DSM-5 include all of the following except:

Which of the following is not an example of a cognitive distortion?

Vulnerabilities that have been identified to increase triggering of the alarm reaction include: (Select more than one)

The common thread running through informational, conditioning, and vicarious acquisition of fear is the:

The behavioural perspective considers all behaviour, both normal and abnormal, as the product of:

The idea that specific phobias are classically conditioned is weakened by the fact that:

Dimensions that appear important in identifying shared and unique factors across anxiety disorders are: (Select more than one)

In vicarious acquisition, fear is acquired by:

Which classification system separates phobic from other anxiety disorders?

The DSM-5 specifies _____ subtypes of phobias, categorised according to the primary focus of the fear.

According to Barlow (2002), the hallmark of anxiety is:

In agoraphobia, sufferers avoid being in situations where:

Fear is the immediate alarm reaction triggered by a(n):

In vicarious conditioning of anxiety, fear responses are learned through _______.

Which of the following is not typically true of GAD?

The dimensions of emotion described by Brown and Barlow are: (Select more than one)

What changes to the diagnostic criteria for GAD were enacted in the DSM-5?

The estimated lifetime prevalence of specific phobias is _______%?

A panic disorder differs from a panic attack in that:

According to the Wells meta-cognitive model of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), an individual with GAD is likely to have:

Which of the following are least likely to be the focus of a specific phobia? (Select more than one)

Specific phobias comprise fear reactions to a specific object/situation that are: (Select more than one)

Seligman's preparedness theory suggests that:

People with social phobia avoid situations because they fear:

Contemporary behavioural theorists emphasise the role of ________ in reducing phobic responses.

Which of the following is not a change to anxiety disorders in the DSM-5?

Barlow argues that ______ are the hallmark of anxiety disorders.

An example of a social threat for sufferers of GAD is:

In previous editions of the DSM, agoraphobia was referred to as:

Individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) typically experience worries about:

The clustering of emotional disorders, including anxiety, around a common genetic vulnerability has been called the general _______ syndrome.

Which of the following is not one of the new approaches for helping people with GAD?

The median age of onset for agoraphobia is ______ years.

The greater prevalence of specific phobias in children has led some to suggest that they:

The relief from escape and avoiding a feared stimulus is an example of:

The insight of children with OCD is usually ______ and the insight of adults with OCD is usually ______.

According to Clark's cognitive model of panic disorder, individuals misinterpret the physiological sensations of panic in a ______ way.

Effective medications for treating panic disorder and agoraphobia include which of the following? (Select more than one)

When a person is constantly thinking about germs, we would say they have a(n) ______ about cleanliness; if they constantly wash their hands, they are expressing a(n) ______.

Effective medications for OCD were first developed _____ .

Reviews of treatment studies have found that _________ therapy is the most effective treatment for specific phobias.

SSRIs are among the most effective medications for treating OCD. These medications work by:

From an inhibitory learning perspective, the emphasis of treatment is on:

________ involves the fear of panic and its consequences in the external environment.

Social anxiety disorder is also referred to as:

The lifetime prevalence estimate for panic disorder in Australia is ___%.

Apart from specific phobia, social anxiety disorder is one of the most common and _______ onset of anxiety disorders.

It is estimated that approximately ___% of the general population experience occasional panic attacks; however, only _____% go on to develop panic disorder.

Which of the following have been associated with the development of social anxiety disorder? (Select more than one)

In the context of social anxiety disorder, the effectiveness of exposure therapy is enhanced when:

_______ exposure involves inducing physical sensations of panic.

Individuals with generalized anxiety disorder are particularly prone to which cognitive distortion?

The anxiety symptoms most troubling to sufferers of social anxiety disorder are those:

The lifetime prevalence rate of GAD for the Australian population is ____%.

Some researchers have reported a mean duration of ______ years for untreated social anxiety disorder.

According to the information processing model, individuals with GAD overestimate: (Select more than one)

Individuals with social anxiety disorder:

________ refers to beliefs about one's own beliefs and those of others.

Based on what you have learned, if a person were to have panic attacks only within the privacy of his or her own home, we should predict that:

If someone began having panic attacks at age 14, this is the ________ of the disorder.

Which of the following statements is true?

The most effective medical treatments for panic disorder and agoraphobia involve:

Which of the following is an example of catastrophic thinking?

What is the relationship between panic disorder and agoraphobia?

Which of the following is NOT a form of psychotherapy that is recommended for panic disorder or agoraphobia?

Which of the following is not a symptom of panic attacks?

Which of the following are proposed causes for brain abnormalities or neurochemical imbalances that lead to mental disorders? (Select more than one)

Which of the following elements of abnormality is most often incorporated into diagnostic criteria?

A mental disorder is characterized by clinically significant disturbances in which of the following? (Select more than one)

Which of the perspectives was the first to employ systematic and objective methods to assess symptoms and base classifications on this?

Initially developed to treat schizophrenia, _______ remains an effective method for managing treatment-resistant depression.

Biological perspectives of mental disorders are unable to account for the degree of ________ observed between different conditions.

One of the key methods of data collection used by researchers investigating biological contributions to mental disorders are ________ techniques.

Psychological perspectives see what as the primary causes of abnormal behaviour? (Select more than one)

Rohan enjoys nothing more than online gaming. Based on this description, it is likely that Rohan would be described as having:

If someone believed that a mental disorder was a disease that progressed through increasingly severe symptoms, this is most consistent with the __________ perspective.

Psychoanalysis is: (Select more than one)

One of the major contributions of the biological perspective is the:

In contrast to biological perspectives of mental disorders, __________ perspectives emphasise the interaction between environmental factors, learning history and belief systems.

Often people will talk about having an angel on one shoulder and the devil on the other—each telling them what to do. This can be likened to which respective psychoanalytic constructs?

Although the psychoanalytic perspective broadened the definition of mental illness beyond psychosis, it primarily focused on treating:

The stages of psychosexual development imply that:

According to the psychodynamic perspective, when the id, ego and superego are in conflict, people are likely to experience _________.

Rachel loves to hear about people's dreams, and then to analyze them to find their 'true meaning'. In psychoanalytic terms, Rachel is using the _______ content to determine the ________ content of dreams.

The purpose of __________ is to reduce the anxiety, guilt and embarrassment that arise from conflict between the id, ego and superego.

Carol believes that you have to 'read between the lines' of what someone says to find out what they actually mean. Carol's belief is akin to that of the __________ perspective.

Which of the following techniques are commonly used within psychoanalysis? (Select more than one)

The _______ stage is crucial to the development of the superego.

One of the most influential concepts in contemporary psychodynamic perspectives is:

An important contribution made by Freud that facilitated ongoing developments in the treatment of mental disorders was:

Willard subscribes to the psychoanalytic approach to mental disorders. As such, he is likely to believe that conflict among the id, ego and superego leads to _______? (Select more than one)

The defence mechanism of reaction formation is best typified by:

The 'learning' approach is another term used to describe the ________ approach/perspective of human behaviour.

Fundamentally, psychoanalytic techniques aim to:

While Freud emphasised the strivings of the ________ , contemporary psychodynamic theorists emphasise human behaviour in terms of the processes and development of the ________.

Within behaviourism, classical conditioning results from _______ learning, while operant conditioning results from ________ learning.

One of the key criticisms of the psychodynamic perspective is its lack of ________.

Which two perspectives agree that differences between normal and abnormal behaviour are a matter of degree, rather than representing distinctly different constructs?

Within the behavioural perspective, it is argued that the causes of behaviour are directly attributable to:

Researchers have found that behavioural treatments for mental disorders are generally:

In contrast to traditional behaviourists such as Skinner, contemporary behaviourists like Tolman argued that:

The learning principle that relies on automatic, autonomic responses to stimuli is:

A major contribution made to the discipline of psychology by the behavioural perspective was:

If a learned behaviour begins to interfere with achieving goals, it is said to have become __________.

Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck are two theorists associated with the ________ perspective on mental disorders.

Which of the following is not a treatment based on learning principles?

Which of the following is not a common cognitive distortion identified by cognitive theorists?

The primary difference between traditional and contemporary behavioural perspectives is the recognition of _________ constructs as necessary, and legitimate, foci of study.

A _______ diary is often used in cognitive therapy to help identify negative beliefs and thinking patterns.

The exclusive focus on reward and punishment for behaviour modification resulted in ________ use of behaviourist principles in clinical contexts.

Within Ellis' ABC model, A refers to _____ ; B refers to ______ and C refers to ______.

The cognitive-behavioural perspective is currently the ______ psychological approach to understanding mental disorders.

Which treatment approach has been scientifically demonstrated to be effective for a wide variety of disorders across adults, teenagers and children?

A client has been asked to conduct a behavioural experiment to test the belief that people are laughing at him. It is likely that his therapist subscribes to which perspective of mental disorders?

Which of the following can trigger trichotillomania and excoriation disorder?

To meet the criteria of a compulsion, behaviors must be perceived to (Select all that apply):

The prevalence of clinically significant hoarding is approximately ___%.

Intrusive memories, flashbacks, and nightmares are all examples of:

Despite the frequency of exposure to potentially traumatizing events, few people develop PTSD.

Which of the following disorders is most likely to be comorbidly diagnosed with PTSD?

Most acute stress reactions following traumatic events are:

According to cognitive models of PTSD, which of the following is pivotal in perpetuating a sense of threat?

For PTSD to develop, the traumatic event must include (Select all that apply):

Which learning theory has been applied to understanding the development of PTSD?

Which of the following has been associated with a greater risk of developing PTSD?

Overactivation of which bodily system has been implicated in the development of PTSD?

It has been reported that up to ______% of individuals with PTSD will also meet criteria for major depression.

Avoidance impedes the __________ of classically conditioned fear.

Which of the following factors have been associated with an increased risk of developing PTSD following trauma? (Select all that apply)

Prolonged exposure to trauma-related stimuli is an effective treatment approach as it allows for:

There is substantial evidence that ______ about the trauma predict the development of PTSD.

Early intervention for PTSD is recommended because most people go on to experience natural remission of symptoms.

According to learning accounts of the aetiology of PTSD, fear is the:

It is proposed that the release of stress neurochemicals into the cortex results in strong fear __________ in people with PTSD.

Extinction involves neural plasticity of structures in the:

Avoidance prevents access to corrective information that __________ threats are no longer realistically dangerous.

CBT for PTSD is also referred to as __________ CBT.

There is a positive correlation between the experience of acute stress disorder and the later development of __________.

Due to questions regarding the generalizability of results from clinical trials, the efficacy of CBT for PTSD in __________ settings remains unclear.

Chris's daughter nearly died at birth and had to undergo multiple surgeries to survive. Ever since then, Chris has avoided hospitals even when sick himself. Chris is demonstrating which symptoms associated with PTSD?

It is estimated that individuals with PTSD are almost ____ times more likely to develop major depression than those without PTSD.

The psychological treatment of choice for PTSD is:

The process of extinction is highly reliant on ________ receptors.

Ever since his car accident, Philip has been emotionally numb—not just to reminders of the accident. Philip is demonstrating which feature of PTSD?

Previous __________ increases the risk of developing PTSD in response to trauma exposure.

The role of avoidance in maintaining PTSD is recognized within which models describing the aetiology of the disorder? (Select all that apply)

Which of the following features of CBT for PTSD comprises providing information about the nature of the disorder and validating distress in response to trauma?

A key difference between the use of debriefing and CBT to treat PTSD is (Select all that apply):

Since experiencing a robbery in which she was held at knife point, Sally reports being very 'jumpy' and easily startled. This is an example of what type of symptom associated with PTSD?

Researchers suggest that _________ are more likely to be exposed to trauma than ________.

Rothbaum and colleagues demonstrated that the number of people who meet criteria for PTSD approximately __________ between two weeks and 11 weeks post event.

When people with PTSD recall past traumatic events, they demonstrate higher _________ compared to individuals with a similar trauma history who have not developed PTSD (Select all that apply):

Large-scale disasters pose particular challenges as no government has the __________ to provide face-to-face interventions for thousands of people.

The distinction between depression and bipolar disorder was first made by:

Sam has a recurrent depressive disorder. Typically, he becomes symptomatic as winter sets in. Sam would likely be diagnosed with __________ patterns to his depressive disorder.

A mood disturbance characterized by severe temper outbursts and persistent irritability is referred to as _____.

It is estimated that 1 in ____ Australians are affected by someone close to them suffering from a mood disorder.

Which of the following have been associated with a heightened risk of developing depression in young people? (Select all that apply)

Historically, the term _________ was used to describe both mental illness characterized by fear and depression, as well as a depressed personality style.

Epidemiological data suggest that the median age of onset for mood disorders is about _______ years of age.

Major depression is characterized by predominantly negative mood for at least ______ weeks, which represents a change in the person's functioning.

Researchers have demonstrated that up to ______% of those with a depressive disorder will recover within the first six months of treatment.

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder is most likely to be diagnosed in _________ who behave in developmentally inappropriate ways.

Risk factors for suicide in those with depression include (Select all that apply):

Among Australian adults, the prevalence of major depressive disorder is estimated to be ___% for men over a 12-month period.

Higher rates of sick leave from work associated with depression can result in (Select all that apply):

Australian data from 2015 indicates that up to ______% of adolescents will experience a depressive disorder within any 12-month period.

Which of the following anxiety disorders commonly precede the development of depressive disorders? (Select all that apply)

Researchers have identified that adult episodes of depression can be predicted by childhood __________ problems.

Which of the following have been associated with an increased risk of relapse for major depressive disorder? (Select all that apply)

Researchers have found an association between the experience of depression and the following physical health conditions (Select all that apply):

Suicidal ______ refers to thoughts about suicide.

Serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine belong to a family of neurotransmitters called __________.

For younger sufferers, depression can negatively impact academic ________.

It is suggested that environmental factors are more likely to trigger depression when they interact with (Select all that apply):

According to Beck's theory of depression, individuals have dysfunctional negative beliefs about (Select all that apply):

Depression has been correlated with poorer ________ functioning, which may increase the risk of physical illness.

Behavioural theories of depression focus on the ________ associated with depressed and non-depressed behaviours.

The shorter allele of the 5-HTTLPT gene sequence has been implicated in the development of depression due to lower _________ reuptake at brain synapses.

Psychoanalytic theories of depression conceptualize the experience as a form of:

Life events that include a sense of ______ and _______ are frequently associated with the onset of a depressive episode (Select all that apply):

The absence of an intimate relationship can be a risk factor for depression, particularly for __________.

Which of the following factors may protect against the development of depression? (Select all that apply)

Beck argues that there is a relationship between negative cognitions and depressive symptoms, such that: