Revision for Acids and Bases

Questions and Answers

What is the difference between acids and bases?

An acid is a substance that donates protons and a base that accepts protons.

What is the difference between dilute and concentrated?

Dilute means it has more water in the formula, and concentrated means it has more acid/base in it.

What is the symbol for the unit of concentration?

What is the pH scale?

7 > More acidic, 7 - neutral, 7 < More Basic Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper term for a base?

Alkali Signup and view all the answers

What changes the color in the Universal Indicator?

Chemicals Signup and view all the answers

Name the indicator that is used to detect acids that is not a liquid.

Blue litmus paper Signup and view all the answers

What are 3 common household acids/bases?

Vinegar, Bleach, Nail remover Signup and view all the answers

What happens when acids and bases react?

Water and salt are created as a by-product and the formula becomes neutral. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when acids and metals react?

Hydrogen and salt are produced. Signup and view all the answers

What are 2 natural forms of acids?

Acid rain and ocean acidification Signup and view all the answers

Which out of the two; acids and bases, donates and accepts the protons?

Acids donate and bases accept. Signup and view all the answers

How does the number of molar refer to the concentration?

The higher the molar the more concentrated the solution is. Signup and view all the answers

List examples ratios explaining the difference between dilute and concentrated.

Concentrate- 6 water to 4 cordial, dilute- 6 water to 1 cordial. Signup and view all the answers

How do you read a pH scale and what parts represent acid, base, and neutral?

You read it according to the colors and the left side is acids, the middle more neutral and the right side, bases. Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for bases?

Alkali Signup and view all the answers

How do the pH scale indicators work?

The chemicals in the indicators change color according to the concentration of acids and bases. Signup and view all the answers

What is a way, when measuring pH, that you can make your results more reliable?

By using different indicators. Signup and view all the answers

What are some ways that acids affect the environment?

The slight acidity in rain and pollution to the air corrodes some stones/metals/objects/things. Signup and view all the answers

What is an accurate comparison between acids and bases?

An acid is a substance that releases hydrogen ions into an aqueous solution. A base is a substance that releases hydroxide ions. Bases are caustic and acids are corrosive, both conduct electricity and can cause severe burns. Signup and view all the answers

What does Molar (M) mean/refer to?

Molar (M) refers to the concentration of the acid or base. The higher the M the higher the concentration. Signup and view all the answers

What causes natural chemicals to become indicators by changing color?

Natural chemicals such as cabbage juice contain a chemical called anthocyanin. Signup and view all the answers

What are the different types of indicators that can be used to determine pH?

Universal indicator, methyl orange, red cabbage juice, bromothymol blue, phenol red, azolitmin, etc. Signup and view all the answers

How does acid impact the environment?

Acid rain corrodes statues, cement, and other materials able to be corroded. Signup and view all the answers

List three properties for both acids and bases.

Acids: are corrosive, taste sour, turn blue litmus paper red; Bases: are neutralized by acids, have a soapy slimy feel, conduct electricity. Signup and view all the answers

In acids and bases, a solution is either a diluted or concentrated solution. What do they mean?

Dilute is when there is more water and less substance. Concentrate is when there is less water and more substance. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the acidic, basic or neutral solution when a universal indicator is added?

The solution changes color and the pH can be worked out by comparing the color of the solution to the pH chart. Signup and view all the answers

Can red cabbage juice be used to determine the pH of solutions?

True Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the environment when acid rain occurs?

Ocean acidification, weakens trees' natural defense and removes soil nutrients like calcium and magnesium. Signup and view all the answers

What happens if you mix a base with a pH level of 8 with an acid with a pH level of 6?

The solution neutralizes and becomes neutral with a pH level of 7. Signup and view all the answers

What do acids donate that bases accept? Do strong acids produce many or little protons?

Protons! Strong acids produce many protons whereas weaker acids produce very little. Signup and view all the answers

If I had 2 beakers filled with the same amount of acid and I added 200ml of water to beaker A and 100ml of water to beaker B, which acid would be more diluted?

Beaker A would be more diluted as there would be less acid molecules in the solution compared to beaker B. Signup and view all the answers

For every number you move down the pH scale, the concentration of hydrogen ions changes with it, by what factor does this number increase?

The concentration increases by 10 every number you move down the pH scale. Signup and view all the answers

Most pH indicators are made from natural substances, name two natural things that can be utilized as a pH indicator.

Red cabbage, blueberries, carrots, grapes, etc. Signup and view all the answers

Due to the great amounts of pollution produced by factories, the normal rain can be turned into acid rain. What are some of the effects of acid rain?

Acid rain can destroy man-made sculptures, but it can also destroy forests and ecosystems. Signup and view all the answers

Name a way that acid damages the environment.

Acid rain is caused by pollution and damages the environment. Signup and view all the answers

Compare the chemical properties of acids and bases.

Acids and bases both conduct electricity and are neutralized by each other, producing water and a salt. Acids are substances that donate protons, are corrosive, and have a sour taste, while bases are substances that accept protons, are caustic, and have a soapy feel. Signup and view all the answers

What does Molar (M) mean and apply to?

Molar (M) applies to the concentration of a substance; the higher the M is, the more concentrated the substance is. Signup and view all the answers

How do you identify the pH of a substance using a pH scale?

Substances matching to the color of pH 7 are neutral; those matching to more than 7 are basic and less than 7 are acidic. Signup and view all the answers

What are pH indicators?

pH indicators are chemicals that indicate the concentration of H+ ions in a solution via color change. Signup and view all the answers

List 4 types of acid/base indicators used to determine pH.

<ol> <li>Methyl orange, 2. Universal indicator, 3. Litmus paper, 4. Phenolphthalein.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

List 3 common household acids and 3 common household bases.

Acids: 1. Apples, 2. Bananas, 3. Tea; Bases: 1. Cement, 2. Antacids, 3. Washing powders. Signup and view all the answers

How does ocean acidification affect the environment? Give an example of how it affects an organism.

Marine organisms that use calcium carbonate for their shells will be in danger because increased acidity will dissolve their shells. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Acids and Bases Overview

Acids donate protons (H⁺ ions), while bases accept protons (OH⁻ ions).
Acids have a sour taste, are corrosive, and turn blue litmus paper red; bases have a bitter taste and turn red litmus paper blue.

Concentration

Dilute solutions contain more water and less solute, while concentrated solutions have less water and more solute.
Molar (M) is the unit of concentration; higher molarity means a more concentrated solution.

pH Scale

The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14:
- Below 7 indicates acidity, with 7 being neutral, and above 7 indicating basicity.
A decrease of one unit on the pH scale increases the concentration of hydrogen ions by a factor of 10.

Indicators

pH indicators change color based on the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, with common examples including universal indicator, litmus paper, and red cabbage juice.
Natural indicators like anthocyanin in red cabbage can be used to determine pH levels through color change.

Reactions

When acids and bases react, they neutralize each other, producing water and salt.
Acids react with metals to produce hydrogen gas and salt.

Environmental Impact

Acid rain occurs due to atmospheric pollution, threatening ecosystems and corroding structures.
Ocean acidification, caused by increased CO₂ levels, affects marine life, particularly organisms with calcium carbonate shells.

Household Examples

Common household acids include acetic acid (vinegar), citric acid (lemons), and lactic acid (milk).
Common household bases include sodium hydroxide (soap) and ammonia (cleaners).

Properties of Acids and Bases

Acids are conductive and can corrode materials, while bases may feel soapy and are also conductive.
Both acids and bases can cause severe burns upon contact with skin.

Understanding Dilution

Mixing a stronger acid with water results in a diluted solution; more water indicates a lower concentration of acid.
Comparing two beakers with different volumes of water added illustrates the dilution concept; more water means more dilution.

Chemical Comparison

Strong acids produce many protons, while weak acids produce fewer.
Both acids and bases conduct electricity and are neutralized in reactions with one another, forming water and salt.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the fundamental concepts related to acids and bases, including their definitions, differences, and units of concentration. Refresh your knowledge with key flashcards designed for easy retention of important information. Perfect for students preparing for exams or needing a quick review.