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Questions and Answers
Write the general equation for the neutralization reaction between an acid and a base.
Write the general equation for the neutralization reaction between an acid and a base.
BASE + ACID → SALT + WATER.
What gas is liberated when active metals react with dilute acids?
What gas is liberated when active metals react with dilute acids?
Hydrogen gas (H2) is liberated.
What is the result when sodium chloride reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid?
What is the result when sodium chloride reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid?
Sodium bisulfate and hydrogen chloride are produced.
What is the physical property that distinguishes acids from bases in terms of taste?
What is the physical property that distinguishes acids from bases in terms of taste?
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Identify the indicators used to test for acids and bases.
Identify the indicators used to test for acids and bases.
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What occurs when an alkali reacts with ammonium salts upon heating?
What occurs when an alkali reacts with ammonium salts upon heating?
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Study Notes
Physical Properties of Acids and Bases
- Acids have a sour taste when dissolved in water; examples include hydrochloric acid (HCl), nitric acid (HNO3), and sulfuric acid (H2SO4).
- Acids are highly corrosive and can damage materials.
- Acids turn blue litmus paper red, indicating their acidic nature.
- Bases have a bitter taste in aqueous solutions; common examples are potassium hydroxide (KOH) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
- Bases are also highly corrosive and can cause burns.
- Bases turn red litmus paper blue, showing their basic properties.
Chemical Properties of Acids
- Acids react with bases in neutralization reactions to produce salt and water.
- The reaction formula is: Base + Acid → Salt + Water.
- Example reactions include:
- Copper(II) oxide (CuO) reacting with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to form copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4) and water (H2O).
- Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) reacting with hydrochloric acid (HCl) to form sodium chloride (NaCl) and water (H2O).
Reaction of Active Metals with Acids
- Active metals, such as magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe), react with dilute acids to release hydrogen gas.
- The general reaction is: Active Metal + Acid (Dilute) → Salt + Hydrogen.
- For example, zinc (Zn) reacts with hydrochloric acid (HCl) to produce zinc chloride (ZnCl2) and hydrogen gas (H2).
Reactions of Chlorides, Nitrates, Bicarbonates, and Carbonates with Acids
- When heating a less volatile acid with a salt, it can displace a more volatile acid.
- Formula: Salt I + Acid I → Salt II + Acid II.
- For instance, sodium chloride (NaCl) reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4), displacing a more volatile acid in the process.
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Description
This quiz delves into the physical properties of acids and bases, highlighting their tastes, corrosiveness, and reactions with litmus paper. It covers key examples of both acids and bases, providing essential knowledge for chemistry students. Test your understanding of these fundamental concepts in chemistry!
