Revised Duke Criteria for Infective Endocarditis

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Questions and Answers

Which age group is recommended to receive the updated mRNA vaccine?

  • Children aged 1-5 years
  • Children under 6 months
  • Children aged 6 months and older (correct)
  • Adults aged 65 and older

Which immunomodulatory agents have been shown to reduce 28-day mortality in patients with severe COVID-19?

  • Dexamethasone
  • Infliximab and abatacept (correct)
  • Baricitinib and tocilizumab
  • Cenicriviroc

Why are infliximab and abatacept not routinely used for COVID-19?

  • They have more side effects compared to other immunomodulatory agents
  • They are not effective against COVID-19
  • They do not offer clear advantages over baricitinib or tocilizumab (correct)
  • They are not approved for this indication in the United States

What is the effect of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine on the risk of COVID-19 infection?

<p>BCG vaccination has no effect on the risk of COVID-19 infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk factor for invasive mechanical ventilation in critically ill pregnant patients with COVID-19?

<p>Sequential (Sepsis-related) Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of fetal delivery on ventilatory parameters in critically ill pregnant patients with COVID-19?

<p>Fetal delivery has no effect on ventilatory parameters (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the current recommendation for continuous antibiotic infusion in critically ill patients with sepsis?

<p>Intermittent antibiotic infusion is recommended (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the revised Duke criteria for diagnosis of infective endocarditis?

<p>E. faecalis is now considered a major criterion for IE only if community acquired (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the fecal microbiota oral capsule (SER109; Vowst) that was approved in 2023?

<p>Prevention of recurrent CDI in adults with ≥2 prior episodes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the risk of culture-confirmed typhoid fever in urban areas compared to the rural site in India?

<p>The risk was higher in urban areas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about rezafungin is true?

<p>Rezafungin is not suitable for outpatient echinocandin therapy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate use of echinocandins for the treatment of invasive candidiasis?

<p>Initial inpatient management (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the prospective study performed in India between 2017 and 2020?

<p>To assess the burden of typhoid fever in India (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diagnostic tools was incorporated into the revised Duke criteria for diagnosis of infective endocarditis?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the causative agent of the fungal meningitis outbreak in Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico?

<p>Fusarium solani species complex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many confirmed cases of fungal meningitis have been reported as of June 14, 2023?

<p>6 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended empiric therapy for patients with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis?

<p>Liposomal amphotericin B plus voriconazole (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which surgical centers should evaluate patients who received epidural anesthesia since January 2023 for meningitis?

<p>River Side Surgical Center and Clinica K-3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the excess risk associated with HIV infection?

<p>Cardiovascular disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of therapy was evaluated in the randomized trial for primary prevention in persons with HIV?

<p>Lipid-lowering therapy with pitavastatin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many persons were included in the randomized trial for primary prevention in persons with HIV?

<p>Over 7700 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What age group was included in the randomized trial for primary prevention in persons with HIV?

<p>≥40 years of age (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended therapy for patients with a 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk score?

<p>Lipid-lowering therapy with pitavastatin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which COVID-19 vaccines have been updated to target the Omicron variant?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended number of updated mRNA vaccines for immunocompetent individuals aged five years and older?

<p>One (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many updated mRNA vaccines are recommended for individuals who are four years or younger or have an immunocompromising condition?

<p>Three (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bivalent vaccines are no longer available for COVID-19?

<p>None of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended updated vaccine for all individuals aged six months and older?

<p>mRNA vaccine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which age group should receive the updated mRNA vaccine?

<p>Six months and older (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often are all topics updated in UpToDate?

<p>Every six months (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a typical cause of infective endocarditis according to the 2023 Duke criteria?

<p>Enterococcus faecalis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic tool was incorporated into the revised Duke criteria for diagnosis of infective endocarditis?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the fecal microbiota oral capsule (SER109; Vowst) that was approved in 2023?

<p>Prevention of Clostridioides difficile infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended therapy for patients with a 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk score?

<p>Statins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate use of echinocandins for the treatment of invasive candidiasis?

<p>Initial inpatient management (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the risk of culture-confirmed typhoid fever in urban areas compared to the rural site in India?

<p>Higher risk (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What age group was included in the prospective study performed in India between 2017 and 2020?

<p>Children age 6 months to 14 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following immunomodulatory agents has been shown to reduce 28-day mortality in patients with severe COVID-19?

<p>Baricitinib (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the trial evaluating the efficacy of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine in reducing the risk of COVID-19 infection?

<p>BCG vaccination did not reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the current recommendation for the use of infliximab and abatacept for COVID-19?

<p>They are not recommended due to lack of clear advantages over other immunomodulatory agents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach to advanced respiratory support for critically ill patients with COVID-19?

<p>The approach is similar for pregnant and nonpregnant patients (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of fetal delivery on ventilatory parameters in critically ill pregnant patients with COVID-19?

<p>Fetal delivery has no effect on ventilatory parameters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the current recommendation for the use of continuous antibiotic infusion in critically ill patients with sepsis?

<p>Continuous antibiotic infusion has similar clinical efficacy as traditional intermittent infusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the trial comparing continuous infusion and intermittent infusion of meropenem in patients with sepsis?

<p>Continuous infusion resulted in similar 28-day mortality as intermittent infusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most appropriate therapy for patients with a 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk score?

<p>Pitavastatin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the causative agent of the fungal meningitis outbreak in Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico?

<p>Fusarium solani species complex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which age group is recommended to receive the updated mRNA vaccine?

<p>≥12 years of age (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the fecal microbiota oral capsule (SER109; Vowst) that was approved in 2023?

<p>Treatment of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many persons were included in the randomized trial for primary prevention in persons with HIV?

<p>7700 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended empiric therapy for patients with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis?

<p>Liposomal amphotericin B plus voriconazole (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which surgical centers should evaluate patients who received epidural anesthesia since January 2023 for meningitis?

<p>River Side Surgical Center and Clinica K-3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diagnostic tools was incorporated into the revised Duke criteria for diagnosis of infective endocarditis?

<p>Echocardiography (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the excess risk associated with HIV infection?

<p>Increased risk of cardiovascular disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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