Revised Duke Criteria for Infective Endocarditis
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Questions and Answers

Which age group is recommended to receive the updated mRNA vaccine?

  • Children aged 1-5 years
  • Children under 6 months
  • Children aged 6 months and older (correct)
  • Adults aged 65 and older

    • Which immunomodulatory agents have been shown to reduce 28-day mortality in patients with severe COVID-19?

  • Dexamethasone
  • Infliximab and abatacept (correct)
  • Baricitinib and tocilizumab
  • Cenicriviroc

    • Why are infliximab and abatacept not routinely used for COVID-19?

  • They have more side effects compared to other immunomodulatory agents
  • They are not effective against COVID-19
  • They do not offer clear advantages over baricitinib or tocilizumab (correct)
  • They are not approved for this indication in the United States

    • What is the effect of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine on the risk of COVID-19 infection?

    <p>BCG vaccination has no effect on the risk of COVID-19 infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the risk factor for invasive mechanical ventilation in critically ill pregnant patients with COVID-19?

    <p>Sequential (Sepsis-related) Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of fetal delivery on ventilatory parameters in critically ill pregnant patients with COVID-19?

    <p>Fetal delivery has no effect on ventilatory parameters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current recommendation for continuous antibiotic infusion in critically ill patients with sepsis?

    <p>Intermittent antibiotic infusion is recommended</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the revised Duke criteria for diagnosis of infective endocarditis?

    <p>E. faecalis is now considered a major criterion for IE only if community acquired</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the fecal microbiota oral capsule (SER109; Vowst) that was approved in 2023?

    <p>Prevention of recurrent CDI in adults with ≥2 prior episodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the risk of culture-confirmed typhoid fever in urban areas compared to the rural site in India?

    <p>The risk was higher in urban areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about rezafungin is true?

    <p>Rezafungin is not suitable for outpatient echinocandin therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most appropriate use of echinocandins for the treatment of invasive candidiasis?

    <p>Initial inpatient management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the prospective study performed in India between 2017 and 2020?

    <p>To assess the burden of typhoid fever in India</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diagnostic tools was incorporated into the revised Duke criteria for diagnosis of infective endocarditis?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the causative agent of the fungal meningitis outbreak in Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico?

    <p>Fusarium solani species complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many confirmed cases of fungal meningitis have been reported as of June 14, 2023?

    <p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended empiric therapy for patients with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis?

    <p>Liposomal amphotericin B plus voriconazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which surgical centers should evaluate patients who received epidural anesthesia since January 2023 for meningitis?

    <p>River Side Surgical Center and Clinica K-3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the excess risk associated with HIV infection?

    <p>Cardiovascular disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of therapy was evaluated in the randomized trial for primary prevention in persons with HIV?

    <p>Lipid-lowering therapy with pitavastatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many persons were included in the randomized trial for primary prevention in persons with HIV?

    <p>Over 7700</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What age group was included in the randomized trial for primary prevention in persons with HIV?

    <p>≥40 years of age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended therapy for patients with a 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk score?

    <p>Lipid-lowering therapy with pitavastatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which COVID-19 vaccines have been updated to target the Omicron variant?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended number of updated mRNA vaccines for immunocompetent individuals aged five years and older?

    <p>One</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many updated mRNA vaccines are recommended for individuals who are four years or younger or have an immunocompromising condition?

    <p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bivalent vaccines are no longer available for COVID-19?

    <p>None of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended updated vaccine for all individuals aged six months and older?

    <p>mRNA vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group should receive the updated mRNA vaccine?

    <p>Six months and older</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often are all topics updated in UpToDate?

    <p>Every six months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a typical cause of infective endocarditis according to the 2023 Duke criteria?

    <p>Enterococcus faecalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic tool was incorporated into the revised Duke criteria for diagnosis of infective endocarditis?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the fecal microbiota oral capsule (SER109; Vowst) that was approved in 2023?

    <p>Prevention of Clostridioides difficile infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended therapy for patients with a 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk score?

    <p>Statins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most appropriate use of echinocandins for the treatment of invasive candidiasis?

    <p>Initial inpatient management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the risk of culture-confirmed typhoid fever in urban areas compared to the rural site in India?

    <p>Higher risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What age group was included in the prospective study performed in India between 2017 and 2020?

    <p>Children age 6 months to 14 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following immunomodulatory agents has been shown to reduce 28-day mortality in patients with severe COVID-19?

    <p>Baricitinib</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the trial evaluating the efficacy of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine in reducing the risk of COVID-19 infection?

    <p>BCG vaccination did not reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current recommendation for the use of infliximab and abatacept for COVID-19?

    <p>They are not recommended due to lack of clear advantages over other immunomodulatory agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach to advanced respiratory support for critically ill patients with COVID-19?

    <p>The approach is similar for pregnant and nonpregnant patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of fetal delivery on ventilatory parameters in critically ill pregnant patients with COVID-19?

    <p>Fetal delivery has no effect on ventilatory parameters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current recommendation for the use of continuous antibiotic infusion in critically ill patients with sepsis?

    <p>Continuous antibiotic infusion has similar clinical efficacy as traditional intermittent infusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the trial comparing continuous infusion and intermittent infusion of meropenem in patients with sepsis?

    <p>Continuous infusion resulted in similar 28-day mortality as intermittent infusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most appropriate therapy for patients with a 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk score?

    <p>Pitavastatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the causative agent of the fungal meningitis outbreak in Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico?

    <p>Fusarium solani species complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is recommended to receive the updated mRNA vaccine?

    <p>≥12 years of age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the fecal microbiota oral capsule (SER109; Vowst) that was approved in 2023?

    <p>Treatment of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many persons were included in the randomized trial for primary prevention in persons with HIV?

    <p>7700</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended empiric therapy for patients with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis?

    <p>Liposomal amphotericin B plus voriconazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which surgical centers should evaluate patients who received epidural anesthesia since January 2023 for meningitis?

    <p>River Side Surgical Center and Clinica K-3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diagnostic tools was incorporated into the revised Duke criteria for diagnosis of infective endocarditis?

    <p>Echocardiography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the excess risk associated with HIV infection?

    <p>Increased risk of cardiovascular disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

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