53 Questions
Which age group is recommended to receive the updated mRNA vaccine?
Children aged 6 months and older
Which immunomodulatory agents have been shown to reduce 28-day mortality in patients with severe COVID-19?
Infliximab and abatacept
Why are infliximab and abatacept not routinely used for COVID-19?
They do not offer clear advantages over baricitinib or tocilizumab
What is the effect of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine on the risk of COVID-19 infection?
BCG vaccination has no effect on the risk of COVID-19 infection
What is the risk factor for invasive mechanical ventilation in critically ill pregnant patients with COVID-19?
Sequential (Sepsis-related) Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score
What is the effect of fetal delivery on ventilatory parameters in critically ill pregnant patients with COVID-19?
Fetal delivery has no effect on ventilatory parameters
What is the current recommendation for continuous antibiotic infusion in critically ill patients with sepsis?
Intermittent antibiotic infusion is recommended
Which of the following is true about the revised Duke criteria for diagnosis of infective endocarditis?
E. faecalis is now considered a major criterion for IE only if community acquired
What is the purpose of the fecal microbiota oral capsule (SER109; Vowst) that was approved in 2023?
Prevention of recurrent CDI in adults with ≥2 prior episodes
What was the risk of culture-confirmed typhoid fever in urban areas compared to the rural site in India?
The risk was higher in urban areas
Which of the following statements about rezafungin is true?
Rezafungin is not suitable for outpatient echinocandin therapy
What is the most appropriate use of echinocandins for the treatment of invasive candidiasis?
Initial inpatient management
What was the purpose of the prospective study performed in India between 2017 and 2020?
To assess the burden of typhoid fever in India
Which of the following diagnostic tools was incorporated into the revised Duke criteria for diagnosis of infective endocarditis?
All of the above
Which of the following is the causative agent of the fungal meningitis outbreak in Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico?
Fusarium solani species complex
How many confirmed cases of fungal meningitis have been reported as of June 14, 2023?
6
What is the recommended empiric therapy for patients with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis?
Liposomal amphotericin B plus voriconazole
Which surgical centers should evaluate patients who received epidural anesthesia since January 2023 for meningitis?
River Side Surgical Center and Clinica K-3
What is the excess risk associated with HIV infection?
Cardiovascular disease
What type of therapy was evaluated in the randomized trial for primary prevention in persons with HIV?
Lipid-lowering therapy with pitavastatin
How many persons were included in the randomized trial for primary prevention in persons with HIV?
Over 7700
What age group was included in the randomized trial for primary prevention in persons with HIV?
≥40 years of age
What is the recommended therapy for patients with a 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk score?
Lipid-lowering therapy with pitavastatin
Which COVID-19 vaccines have been updated to target the Omicron variant?
All of the above
What is the recommended number of updated mRNA vaccines for immunocompetent individuals aged five years and older?
One
How many updated mRNA vaccines are recommended for individuals who are four years or younger or have an immunocompromising condition?
Three
Which bivalent vaccines are no longer available for COVID-19?
None of the above
What is the recommended updated vaccine for all individuals aged six months and older?
mRNA vaccine
Which age group should receive the updated mRNA vaccine?
Six months and older
How often are all topics updated in UpToDate?
Every six months
Which of the following is a typical cause of infective endocarditis according to the 2023 Duke criteria?
Enterococcus faecalis
Which diagnostic tool was incorporated into the revised Duke criteria for diagnosis of infective endocarditis?
All of the above
What is the purpose of the fecal microbiota oral capsule (SER109; Vowst) that was approved in 2023?
Prevention of Clostridioides difficile infection
What is the recommended therapy for patients with a 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk score?
Statins
What is the most appropriate use of echinocandins for the treatment of invasive candidiasis?
Initial inpatient management
What was the risk of culture-confirmed typhoid fever in urban areas compared to the rural site in India?
Higher risk
What age group was included in the prospective study performed in India between 2017 and 2020?
Children age 6 months to 14 years
Which of the following immunomodulatory agents has been shown to reduce 28-day mortality in patients with severe COVID-19?
Baricitinib
What was the outcome of the trial evaluating the efficacy of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine in reducing the risk of COVID-19 infection?
BCG vaccination did not reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection
What is the current recommendation for the use of infliximab and abatacept for COVID-19?
They are not recommended due to lack of clear advantages over other immunomodulatory agents
What is the recommended approach to advanced respiratory support for critically ill patients with COVID-19?
The approach is similar for pregnant and nonpregnant patients
What is the effect of fetal delivery on ventilatory parameters in critically ill pregnant patients with COVID-19?
Fetal delivery has no effect on ventilatory parameters
What is the current recommendation for the use of continuous antibiotic infusion in critically ill patients with sepsis?
Continuous antibiotic infusion has similar clinical efficacy as traditional intermittent infusion
What was the outcome of the trial comparing continuous infusion and intermittent infusion of meropenem in patients with sepsis?
Continuous infusion resulted in similar 28-day mortality as intermittent infusion
Which of the following is the most appropriate therapy for patients with a 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk score?
Pitavastatin
What is the causative agent of the fungal meningitis outbreak in Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico?
Fusarium solani species complex
Which age group is recommended to receive the updated mRNA vaccine?
≥12 years of age
What is the purpose of the fecal microbiota oral capsule (SER109; Vowst) that was approved in 2023?
Treatment of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection
How many persons were included in the randomized trial for primary prevention in persons with HIV?
7700
What is the recommended empiric therapy for patients with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis?
Liposomal amphotericin B plus voriconazole
Which surgical centers should evaluate patients who received epidural anesthesia since January 2023 for meningitis?
River Side Surgical Center and Clinica K-3
Which of the following diagnostic tools was incorporated into the revised Duke criteria for diagnosis of infective endocarditis?
Echocardiography
What is the excess risk associated with HIV infection?
Increased risk of cardiovascular disease
Test your knowledge on the revised Duke criteria for diagnosing bacterial infections, specifically infective endocarditis. Learn about the changes in epidemiology, imaging techniques, and diagnostic tools that have influenced the 2023 criteria. Explore the classification of Enterococcus faecalis as a typical cause of infective endocarditis.
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