Questions and Answers
What is the definition of review of systems?
What is the purpose of review of systems?
Identify symptoms that may have been overlooked, are related to the principal complaint, or are comorbid with the complaint.
When should a review of systems be completed?
When history or health risk reveals red flags.
What is screened in the review of systems?
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What are some symptoms included in the general health screening?
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What does unexplained weight change in the general health screen indicate?
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Fatigue is only a symptom of physical ailments.
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What are the red flags associated with fatigue?
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What are signs of fever that warrant concern?
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What are the risk factors related to unexplained weight gain?
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What is the goal of performing a screen?
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What denotes a red flag in patient symptoms?
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What components are included in a systems review?
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Why is age important for intake forms?
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What is the importance of medical history on intake forms?
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What elements are assessed in the cardio/pulm systems review?
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What elements are assessed in the musculoskeletal systems review?
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What are the categories of symptoms behavior?
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What is the Law of Parsimony?
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Study Notes
Review of Systems Overview
- A medical model utilized for pre-examination screening.
- Aims to identify overlooked symptoms related to the principal complaint or comorbid conditions.
Indicators for Review of Systems
- Conducted when health history reveals red flags or if symptoms are not mechanical.
- Is especially indicated if there's an inappropriate response to treatment or throughout treatment processes.
Components of Review of Systems
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GGG Mince P categories include:
- General Health
- Gastrointestinal
- Genitourinary
- Musculoskeletal
- Integumentary
- Nervous System
- Cardiovascular
- Endocrine
- Pulmonary
General Health Screening
- Common symptoms evaluated:
- Dizziness: Need to clarify type (lightheadedness vs. spinning).
- Fatigue: Associated with psychological, endocrine, infections, neoplasms, or cardiopulmonary issues.
- Fever: Indicates systemic illness; raises red flags if ≥ 99.5°F for over two weeks.
- Unexplained Weight Change: 5-10% body weight loss relates to depression, cancer, or GI disease; weight gain may indicate kidney or heart issues.
- Nausea/Vomiting: Often underreported; associated with varied diseases beyond GI tract.
Red Flags in Symptoms
- Fatigue should interfere with daily activities or last beyond 2-4 weeks.
- Dizziness with accompanying symptoms (nausea, visual issues) can signify serious conditions.
- Paresthesia and numbness are commonly linked to neurologic disorders; progressive symptoms warrant immediate attention.
- Muscle weakness associated with neurologic issues may present as progressive or bilateral.
Flags in Patient Screening
- Yellow Flags: Indicate further investigation, typically related to pre-existing conditions.
- Red Flags: Symptoms necessitating immediate attention and possible treatment modification.
Systems Review Elements
- Cardiopulmonary: Heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and edema assessed.
- Integumentary: Color, integrity, pliability, and scarring are evaluated.
- Musculoskeletal: Gross range of motion, strength, symmetry, along with height and weight measurement.
- Neuromuscular: Focus on coordination, balance, and motor function.
- Communication: Assesses the patient's ability to express needs and emotional responses, learning preferences, and orientation status.
Importance of Patient Age and History
- Age is a significant risk factor for cancers, especially in individuals over 50.
- Medical history provides critical insights into current symptoms and chronic illness.
Role of Medications and Social Habits
- Medications can reveal possible sources of complaints and alert clinicians to risks.
- Knowledge of social habits (e.g., smoking, drinking) assists in identifying complicating factors and avenues for patient education.
Physical Examination Purpose and Components
- Aims for quick assessment and narrowing of symptoms to specific regions, identifying red flags and areas needing further testing.
- Components include intake, medical history, systems review, followed by observation and various screening methods.
Communication in Diagnosis
- 80% of diagnoses reliant on history; combining with physical examination increases clarity to 90%.
- Assessments and tests often aim to confirm hypotheses rather than serve as independent diagnostics.
Interpretation of Symptoms
- Utilize SINSS framework to understand Severity, Irritability, Nature, Stage, and Stability of symptoms, enhancing assessments and care plans.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the Review of Systems, a crucial medical model for pre-examination screening. This quiz covers its purpose, when to conduct it, and definitions related to the topic. Perfect for medical students and healthcare professionals!
