Health History and Patient Systems Review

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Questions and Answers

What type of pain results from spasms in the intestines and fluctuates in intensity?

Neuropathic pain

Somatic pain

Colicky pain (correct)

Nociceptive pain

Which type of pain is associated with damage or inflammation to sensory nerves?

Somatic pain

Referred pain

Neuropathic pain (correct)

Visceral pain

What is the term for the pain perceived in a part of the body that is not the actual source of the injury?

Radiating pain

Referred pain (correct)

Phantom limb pain

Visceral pain

Which characteristic is NOT a feature of nociceptive pain?

Burning Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes visceral pain?

Dull, achy, and deep Signup and view all the answers

What is measured during a pain assessment using OLDCARTS?

The character of the pain experience Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a component of the 'A' in OLDCARTS?

What makes the pain worse? Signup and view all the answers

What kind of pain starts in one area and radiates to another part of the body?

Radiating pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of conducting a focused or problem-based health history?

To focus specifically on an acute problem or symptom Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a purpose of health history?

Predict future medical expenses Signup and view all the answers

In a health history assessment, which component addresses the evaluation of day-to-day habits?

Psychosocial Assessment Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a follow-up health history from an initial health history?

It emphasizes new data since the last assessment. Signup and view all the answers

Which source of health history refers specifically to the individual being assessed?

Primary source Signup and view all the answers

During an annual examination, which process is usually conducted?

Comprehensive head-to-toe review Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of medications in a health history assessment?

To document all types of medications the patient takes Signup and view all the answers

What type of information is NOT typically included in biographical data during health history taking?

Patient's current medications Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'R' in the OPQRST pain assessment acronym stand for?

Radiation and region Signup and view all the answers

Which scale is most commonly used for numeric pain assessment?

Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) Signup and view all the answers

Which pain assessment tool is specifically designed for nonverbal patients in critical care?

Critical Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the 'S' in OPQRST?

Severity of pain Signup and view all the answers

What does the Iowa Pain Thermometer (IPT) utilize to assess pain levels?

Thermometer visualization Signup and view all the answers

Which pain assessment tool can also be used for advanced dementia patients?

Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia Scale (PAINAD) Signup and view all the answers

How often is the epidermis replaced?

Every 3 to 4 weeks Signup and view all the answers

The Verbal Descriptor Pain Scale (VRS) allows patients to describe their pain using what?

Adjectives or phrases Signup and view all the answers

What is pitting of nails primarily associated with?

Psoriasis Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes splinter hemorrhages in nails?

Red streaks caused by bleeding Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial bone is considered the most important?

Frontal bone Signup and view all the answers

What feature distinguishes spoon nails?

Concave or flat shape with outer edges flaring out Signup and view all the answers

Which imaging technique provides the most detailed picture of internal body structures?

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the temporal artery?

To provide a palpable pulse for diagnosis Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of spoon nails?

Systemic disease or nutritional deficiency Signup and view all the answers

What diagnostic tool is typically ordered for a more detailed picture of brain abnormalities?

MRI Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of exophthalmos?

Protrusion of the eyeball Signup and view all the answers

Which abnormal finding indicates that a lower eyelid is turned inward?

Entropion Signup and view all the answers

What should be assessed to check for symmetry in the palpebral fissures?

Distance from upper lid to lower lid Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of crusting on the eyelashes typically indicate?

Infection of an eyelash follicle Signup and view all the answers

Which finding would be considered normal during an eye examination?

Clear cornea with no opacities Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of the eyelids is a sign of ptosis?

Drooping of an eyelid Signup and view all the answers

What can presence of yellow, white, or green drainage from the eyelids potentially indicate?

Infection around the eyelashes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following findings would most likely indicate periorbital edema?

Swelling in the tissues around the eye Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Patient Examination and History

Annual examinations involve reviewing patient systems from head to toe.
Focused health histories target specific acute problems or symptoms, common in urgent care or ER settings.
Follow-up histories assess new developments since the last consultation.

Health History Data Sources

Primary source: Patient being assessed provides personal health information.
Secondary source: Relatives, significant others, or medical records offer supplementary data.

Purpose of Health History

Document past and present health, including medical conditions, hospitalizations, and surgeries.
Record family health history to identify hereditary issues.
Uncover psychosocial factors impacting health.
Determine strengths, weaknesses, teaching needs, and discharge planning requirements.

Components of Health History

Reason for seeking care.
Detailed history of present illness.
Biographical data covering general info about the patient.
Military history if applicable.
List medications including prescriptions, OTC, and supplements.
Immunization status.
Past medical history overview.
Family health history.
Psychosocial assessment focusing on behavioral and environmental factors.

Pain Types and Characteristics

Colicky pain: Fluctuating in intensity, related to intestinal spasms.
Nociceptive pain: Caused by damage to sensory nerves, can be somatic (sharp/intense) or visceral (vague/deep).
Neuropathic pain: Resulting from nerve damage, characterized by sharp, burning sensations, and possible numbness.
Phantom limb syndrome: Pain perceived in an amputated body part.

Pain Transmission Concepts

Radiating pain: Originates in one location and spreads to others.
Referred pain: Felt in a different area from the source of the pain.

Pain Assessment Techniques

OLDCARTS: Framework for gathering detailed pain information (Onset, Location, Duration, Character, Aggravating/Alleviating factors, Related symptoms, Treatment, Severity).
OPQRST: Specific pain assessment focusing on Onset, Provocation/Palliation, Quality, Radiation, Severity, Timing.
Multiple scales used for quantifying pain levels, including numeric, Wong-Baker Faces, Verbal Descriptor, and Iowa Pain Thermometer.

Pain Assessment in Nonverbal Patients

Critical Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT): Assesses pain through facial expressions, body movements, and muscle tension.
Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia Scale (PAINAD): Evaluates pain in patients with cognitive impairments.

Skin, Hair, and Nails Examination

Epidermis: Avascular outer skin layer, renews every 3-4 weeks.
Pitting nails: Indicative of psoriasis, causing various indentations.
Splinter hemorrhages: Red streaks due to bleeding beneath the nails.
Spoon nails: Flat or concave nails potentially indicating nutritional or systemic disease.

Head, Face, Mouth, and Neck

Cranium consists of 8 bones, with the frontal bone being crucial for structure.
Face comprises 14 bones with the temporal artery as a significant artery with a palpable pulse.

Diagnostic Procedures

CT scans: Provide detailed imaging for diagnosing strokes or brain injuries with or without contrast.
MRI: Offers a sensitive imaging modality for internal structures, more detailed than a CT scan.

Normal Findings in Eye Examination

Symmetrical eyes with complete eyelid closure, clear cornea and lens, equal pupil size, and smooth iris.
Lacrimal ducts should be clear, and conjunctiva should be pink and moist.

Abnormal Findings in Eye Examination

Asymmetrical eyes or exophthalmos associated with hyperthyroidism.
Issues with eyelid closure, such as ectropion (outward turning) or entropion (inward turning).
Infection-related symptoms, like hordeolum (stye), indicated by redness and inflammation around eyelashes.

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Description

This quiz covers the importance of reviewing patient systems systematically during annual examinations, as well as the focused history obtained in acute care settings. Understanding the distinctions between comprehensive and focused health histories is crucial for healthcare professionals in effectively addressing patient needs.