Reversal Design Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Reversal design is also called?

ABAB design

Withdrawal design (correct)

Experimental design

Single-subject design

What is reversal design?

A straightforward single-subject design that demonstrates a functional relationship by having the IV systematically absent and present.

What are behaviors that cannot be reversed?

Behaviors that acquire other reinforcement contingencies and those that can be learned such as educational concepts.

What are behaviors that can be reversed?

Behaviors that can improve or worsen, such as raising a hand in class or hair pulling. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three assumptions of reversal design?

<ol> <li>Target behavior is reversible. 2) Behavior change occurs as a function of controlled contingency and will revert back to baseline when removed. 3) If a reverse cannot be shown, the functional relationship is unclear.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

ABAB results in applied settings are not usually _____ or nothing.

all Signup and view all the answers

What are four limitations of reversal designs?

<ol> <li>Some behaviors are irreversible. 2) Reversing some behaviors may raise social and ethical concerns. 3) Difficult to achieve client buy-in. 4) Not possible or appropriate in some cases.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three elements of baseline logic?

Prediction, verification, replication. Signup and view all the answers

What is prediction in the context of baseline logic?

Projecting the level of behavior based on baseline onto the next condition if the intervention is never introduced. Signup and view all the answers

What does verifying involve in the context of behavior analysis?

Without the IV, the level of the behavior resorts back to the baseline level. Signup and view all the answers

What is replication?

Repeating the previous treatment condition. Signup and view all the answers

What are the standards for an ABAB graph?

Baseline logic, rule out threats to internal validity, and quality indicators. Signup and view all the answers

What are quality indicators in behavior analysis?

Three data points per phase and three effects at three times. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three effects at three times in behavior analysis?

1st effect: first intervention condition; 2nd effect: second baseline condition; 3rd effect: second intervention condition. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three variations of reversal design?

Repeated reversal, intervention reversal, multiple treatment reversal. Signup and view all the answers

What are repeated reversals?

The IV is withdrawn and reinstated additional times beyond ABAB. Signup and view all the answers

What is intervention reversal (BAB)?

When the intervention condition is introduced before assessing baseline data. Signup and view all the answers

When would you use an intervention reversal design (BAB)?

In time constraints or for dangerous, self-injurious behaviors. Signup and view all the answers

What are multiple treatment reversal designs?

An experimental design that compares the effects of two or more IVs. Signup and view all the answers

How to demonstrate experimental control in a multiple treatment reversal design?

Reintroduce baseline measure after every experimental condition. Signup and view all the answers

What is wrong with an ABCDE design?

Little experimental control because of order and sequence effects. Signup and view all the answers

What are sequence effects?

Confounding variables introduced during multiple treatment reversal that affect behavior based on previous treatments. Signup and view all the answers

What are order effects?

Effects that occur when the order in which participants experience conditions affects study results. Signup and view all the answers

What are three problems with multiple-treatment reversal?

<ol> <li>Complex to read; 2) Hard to determine relationships; 3) Order and sequence effects.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Reversal Design Overview

Reversal design is also known as withdrawal design.
ABAB design is a straightforward single-subject design demonstrating a functional relationship through systematic intervention presence and absence.

Behaviors in Reversal Design

Irreversible behaviors include those that gain new reinforcement contingencies or are complex educational concepts.
Reversible behaviors can improve or worsen, e.g., raising a hand in class versus hair pulling.

Assumptions and Limitations

Three key assumptions:
- Target behaviors are reversible.
- Changes result from experimenter-controlled contingencies reverting to baseline when removed.
- Lack of reversibility questions the existence of a functional relationship.
Limitations include:
- Some behaviors are irreversible.
- Ethical concerns arise with reversing certain behaviors (e.g., self-injurious behavior).
- Client buy-in can be challenging.
- Pragmatic issues may hinder feasibility.

Baseline Logic Elements

Three elements: prediction, verification, replication.
Prediction involves projecting behavior levels based on baseline if no intervention is introduced.
Verification confirms behavior reverts to baseline levels without the intervention, ensuring the IV's effect is valid.
Replication involves repeating conditions previously tested for reliability.

ABAB Graph Standards

Baseline logic must rule out threats to internal validity and meet quality indicators.

Quality Indicators

Requires a minimum of three data points per phase and three effects measured at three distinct times.

Variations of Reversal Design

Types include repeated reversal, intervention reversal (BAB), and multiple treatment reversal.
Repeated reversals involve further withdrawing and reinstating the IV multiple times, highlighting its impact.
Intervention reversal introduces treatment before baseline assessment, usually for urgent cases or dangerous behaviors.

Multiple Treatment Reversal Designs

Compare effects of two or more IVs and require reintroducing baseline measures after each variable.
Terms ABA, ACA illustrate verification and experimental control in this design.

Challenges with Other Designs

ABCDE designs present low experimental control due to order and sequence effects and lack baseline verification.
Sequence effects can compromise results based on previous treatments affecting individual behavior.
Order effects disrupt results when the sequence of treatment experiences influences study outcomes.

Issues in Multiple Treatment Reversal

Problems arise from the complexity of reading results, difficulty in identifying relationships, and potential order and sequence effects compromising the integrity of findings.

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Description

Test your understanding of reversal design, also known as withdrawal design, with these flashcards. Learn the key concepts, definitions, and characteristics of the ABAB design as a powerful experimental control methodology. Perfect for psychology students exploring single-subject designs!