33 Questions
What is the primary location of separation in a retinal detachment?
Between the RPE and the photoreceptors
Which glycoproteins are responsible for maintaining the adherence of RPE cells to Bruch's membrane?
Fibronectin and laminin
What can occur if photoreceptors do not receive nutrients from the choroid due to fluid accumulation in the subretinal space during retinal detachment?
Necrosis of photoreceptors
Which procedure involves using argon laser for treating retinal detachment?
Cryopexy
What type of hemorrhages result from the rupture of superficial precapillary arterioles?
Flame-shaped hemorrhages
Which layer of the retina typically contains dot or blot hemorrhages?
Inner nuclear layer
What is the common cause of Retinal Hard Exudates?
Diabetes
What is a common association with Cotton Wool Spots?
Hypertension
What is the identifying feature of Boat Hemorrhages?
Rupture of large superficial retinal veins
What is the most common cause of Cotton Wool Spots according to the text?
Hypertension
What is the type of residue seen in Retinal Hard Exudates?
Lipid residues
Where are Cotton Wool Spots usually located?
Near optic disc
Which of the following structures are retinal drusen typically located between?
Retinal pigment epithelium and Bruch's membrane
Which condition is associated with the presence of intraluminal plaques, also known as Hollenhorst plaques?
Embolism from cervical carotid atherosclerosis or calcified cardiac valve
What is the characteristic appearance of myelinated nerve fibers on the retina?
Feathery white clump usually connected to the optic disc
Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with retinal vasculitis?
Age-related macular degeneration
What is the characteristic appearance of acute optic disc edema secondary to increased intracranial pressure?
Edema of the optic disc with blurring of margins, covered by cotton wool spots and flame hemorrhages
Which structure is responsible for providing a blood supply to the retina in cases of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) with a cilioretinal artery?
Cilioretinal artery
What is the most common cause of boat hemorrhages according to the text?
Sudden increase in intracranial pressure
What is the characteristic appearance of hard exudates as described in the text?
Deep yellow with sharp margins, often circinate
Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with cotton wool spots according to the text?
Glaucoma
What is the primary histopathological feature of cotton wool spots described in the text?
Thickening of the nerve fiber layer
What is the characteristic appearance of retinal hard exudates according to the text?
$ ext{Deep yellow with sharp margins, often circinate}$
What is the primary cause of the separation between the RPE and the photoreceptors in a retinal detachment?
Lack of intercellular junctions
Which glycoproteins in Bruch's membrane are responsible for maintaining the adherence of RPE cells?
Fibronectin and laminin
What is the common consequence of fluid accumulation in the subretinal space during a retinal detachment?
Necrosis of the photoreceptors
Which layer of the retina is typically the location of dot or blot hemorrhages?
Inner nuclear layer
What is the characteristic appearance of flame-shaped retinal hemorrhages?
Feathered pattern
What is the primary cause of retinal drusen according to the text?
Accumulation of lipids from the retinal pigment epithelium
Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with retinal vasculitis according to the text?
Diabetes mellitus
What is the characteristic appearance of myelinated nerve fibers on the retina described in the text?
Feathery white clump usually connected to the optic disc
What is the primary cause of acute optic disc edema according to the text?
Increased intracranial pressure
What is the primary source of blood supply to the retina in cases of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) with a cilioretinal artery?
Short posterior ciliary artery
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