Retina and RPE Cell Functions

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What is the function of the RPE's tight connection with the choroid?

To provide structural support to the retina
To absorb photons of light
To regulate the transport of ions, water, and metabolites (correct)
To facilitate phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments

What is the main function of the photopigments in the photoreceptor layer?

To synthesize photopigments
To absorb photons of light (correct)
To reduce light sensitivity
To regulate the transport of ions and water

What is the approximate number of rods in the photoreceptor layer?

500-1000
6-8 million
1-2 million
120 million (correct)

What is the function of the outer segment of the photoreceptor layer?

To surround photopigment molecules with lipid bilayered discs (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which the RPE disposes of photoreceptor outer segments?

Phagocytosis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the space between the RPE and neural retina?

Subretinal space (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Outer Limiting Membrane?

To provide structure and act as a barrier for large metabolites (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of protein synthesis in photoreceptors?

Myoid region (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Rhodopsin in rods?

To absorb light at 507nm (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between rods and cones?

Rods are used for scotopic vision, while cones are used for photopic vision (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Elipsoid region?

To produce ATP (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the density of rods greatest in?

Rod ring (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ganglion cells have a single dendrite in the fovea that synapses with one midget bipolar cell?

Midget ganglion cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Müller cells in the retina?

Structural function and provision of nutrients to the retina (A) Signup and view all the answers

Where are Müller cells mostly found in the retina?

Throughout the entire retina, excluding the photoreceptor layer (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the axons of magnocellular cells?

Larger diameter (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the Internal Limiting Membrane?

Footplates of Müller's cells bound to vitreous humor fibrils (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where is the Nerve Fiber Layer absent in the retina?

In the fovea (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the ora serrata?

Firm attachment between the retina and vitreous (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the rods in the peripheral retina?

They disappear and are replaced by malformed cones (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do the nuclear layers change in the peripheral retina?

They merge with the plexiform layers (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the RPE at the peripheral retina?

It becomes continuous with the outer pigmented epithelium of the ciliary body (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the neural retina at the peripheral retina?

It becomes a single layer of irregular columnar cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate number of photoreceptors, bipolar cells, and ganglion cells in the retina?

128 million; 35 million; 1.5 million (B) Signup and view all the answers

Where are most Müller cell bodies located in the retina?

Inner nuclear layer (INL) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of astrocytes in the retina?

To provide structure to nerve fibers and capillaries (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the retina receives blood supply from both the central retinal artery and the choroid?

Outer plexiform layer (OPL) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of the population that has a cilioretinal artery?

15-20% (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the central retinal artery in the retina?

To form two capillary networks in the INL and NFL (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the central region of the retina?

Specialized for visual acuity and rich in cones (B) Signup and view all the answers