Retake Analysis

Gelatin build up = Emulsion removed from earlier films deposited on the film Curtain artifacts = Solution dripping on, or 'running down' a film Chemical fog = An overdevelopment of the film result in excessive base + fog and minimum diameter (Dmin) values with sensitometry films Hyporetention = White, powdery residue on the film surface because of incomplete washing

Hesitation marks (stub lines) = Film jammed while in the developer section or transport system speed decreases significantly Water spots = Water or other liquid come in contact with an un-processed image Lack of optical density = Temperature below acceptance limits, time is insufficient, solution that replenished, contaminated by the fixer, pH that is too low, concentration that is insufficient Excessive optical density = Temperature's exceed the accepted limits, excessive time, over-replenishment, higher accepted limits pH, excessive concentration

Motion blur = Motion of the patient, x-ray source, or image receptor Heat blur = Computerized radiography (CR) system imaging plate is exposed to intense heat before being processed within the CR reader system Patient artifacts = Caused by items (e.g., buttons, snaps, necklaces, earning, hairpins, wet hair, and body piercing jewelry) either on or within the patient when a diagnostic procedure is performed Improper optical density = Improper selection of technical factors or cell selection with AEC by the technologist

<p>Miss positioning or loss of ROI = Improper patient, X-ray, or image receptor positioning by the technologist or improper collimation, which can clip the anatomy of interest Poor film-to-screen contact = Localized blurring of radiographic image and slightly increased optical density in these regions Double exposure = Image receptor is exposed more than one before the image is exposed Grid cut-off = Occurs when the primary beam is not properly aligned with the grid lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypo retention = Guide shoe marks Dichroic stain = Streaking Hesitation marks = HSC 15 z 10 Water spots = HSC 16 z 11</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gelatin build up = Excessive OD Chatters Curtain artifacts = Hypo retention Chemical fog = Insufficient OD Pi lines Double exposure = HSC 27 z 9</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Retake analysis = A systemic process of cataloguing rejected films and determining the nature of the repeated images Causal repeat rate = The repeating rate governed by the equation: $\ ext{Casual repeat rate} = \rac{\ ext{Number of repeat for a specific cause}},{\ ext{Total number of repeats}} \ imes 100$ Artefacts = Anything on a finished radiograph that is not a part of the patient’s anatomy Department repeat rate = The total department repeat rate is calculated using the equation: $\ ext{Total repeat rate} = \rac{\ ext{Number of repeat films}},{\ ext{Total number of views taken}} \ imes 100$</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Save departmental costs = One of the advantages of retake analysis Save patient dose = One of the advantages of retake analysis Reduce department repeat rate = One of the advantages of retake analysis Investigate the cause of the repeat rate = A worksheet should be included in the department to obtain a large statistical sample for reliability</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Processing artefacts = Artefacts that occur during processing of the image Exposure artefacts = Artefacts that occur during exposure of the image Storage and handling artefacts = Artefacts that occur during storage and handling of the image Gelatin build up = One of the possible processing artefacts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$\ ext{Casual repeat rate} = \rac{\ ext{Number of repeat for a specific cause}},{\ ext{Total number of repeats}} \ imes 100$ = Equation to calculate the casual repeat rate $\ ext{Total repeat rate} = \rac{\ ext{Number of repeat films}},{\ ext{Total number of views taken}} \ imes 100$ = Equation to calculate the total repeat rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Any department = Should not exceed 10-12% Department repeat rate = Should not exceed 4-6% Mammo. procedures = Should be less than 2% Department with a high patient dose = Should be examined seriously</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accessory performance = One of the important data provided by retake analysis Departmental procedures = One of the important data provided by retake analysis The skill level of the technical staff = One of the important data provided by retake analysis Large statistical sample = Required to investigate the cause of the repeat rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Grid cut-off = Decrease in optical density caused by primary radiation being absorbed by the grid Grid artifacts = Failure of the grid to move during the exposure Moiré (zebra) artifacts = Placement of a grid cassette in a bucky Handling and storage artifacts = Occurs during darkroom handling or during storage before use</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Light fog = Any non-informational optical density present in a film image Age fog = Occur in film processed beyond the expiration date or stored in a warm, humid environment Safelight fog = Caused by improper safelight filter, cracks, or pinholes in the safelight filter, incorrect wattage of the safe light bulb, incorrect distance between the safelight and work surfaces, or widely open sodium vapor lamp shutters Radiation fog = Film exposed to ionizing radiation before development</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tree static = The static resemble trees or bushes without leaves, low humidity condition in the film processing area Crown static = Marks radiate in one direction, excessive friction from the pulling of the film Smudge static = Dark areas rough handling in the film processing area Crescent marks = Half-moon-shaped marks of increased optical density caused by bending of the film unprocessed</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Light fog = Light of any improper color that strikes the film before development Age fog = Occur in film processed beyond the expiration date or stored in a warm, humid environment Safelight fog = Caused by improper safelight filter, cracks, or pinholes in the safelight filter, incorrect wattage of the safe light bulb, incorrect distance between the safelight and work surfaces, or widely open sodium vapor lamp shutters Radiation fog = Film exposed to ionizing radiation before development</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Crescent marks = Half-moon-shaped marks of increased optical density caused by bending of the film unprocessed Scratches = Areas of removed emulsion by sharp objects, such as fingernails or sharp points on surfaces Cassette marks = White specks on the image caused by dirt or debris that is inside the cassette Smudge static = Dark areas rough handling in the film processing area</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accuracy = Percentage of cases that is diagnosed correctly Sensitivity = Likelihood of obtaining a positive diagnosis in a patient with the disease Specificity = Likelihood of a patient obtaining a negative diagnosis when no disease is present Threshold of acceptability = Diagnostic imaging department's responsibility to establish its own threshold for each value</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tree static = The static resemble trees or bushes without leaves, low humidity condition in the film processing area Crown static = Marks radiate in one direction, excessive friction from the pulling of the film Smudge static = Dark areas rough handling in the film processing area Crescent marks = Half-moon-shaped marks of increased optical density caused by bending of the film unprocessed</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Crescent marks = Bending of the film unprocessed Scratches = Sharp objects, such as fingernails or sharp points on surfaces Cassette marks = Dirt or debris that is inside the cassette, blocking the light from the screen from reaching the film Smudge static = Rough handling in the film processing area</p> Signup and view all the answers